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Europe Solidaire Sans Frontières

    • Issues
      • Health (Issues)
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Issues)
          • AIDS / HIV (Health)
          • Dengue (epidemics, health)
          • Mpox / Monkeypox (epidemics, health)
          • Poliomyelitis (epidemics, health)
          • Respiratory viral infections (epidemics, health)
          • Tuberculosis (epidemics, health)
        • Health and Climate crisis
        • Tobacco (health)
      • Individuals
        • Franz Fanon
        • Michael Löwy
      • Solidarity
        • Solidarity: ESSF campaigns
          • ESSF financial solidarity – Global balance sheets
          • Funds (ESSF)
          • Global Appeals
          • Bangladesh (ESSF)
          • Burma, Myanmar (ESSF)
          • Indonesia (ESSF)
          • Japan (ESSF)
          • Malaysia (ESSF)
          • Nepal (ESSF)
          • Pakistan (ESSF)
          • Philippines (ESSF)
        • Solidarity: Geo-politics of Humanitarian Relief
        • Solidarity: Humanitarian and development CSOs
        • Solidarity: Humanitarian Disasters
        • Solidarity: Humanitarian response: methodologies and principles
        • Solidarity: Political economy of disaster
      • Capitalism & globalisation
        • History (Capitalism)
      • Civilisation & identities
        • Civilisation & Identities: unity, equality
      • Ecology (Theory)
        • Global Crisis / Polycrisis (ecology)
        • Growth / Degrowth (Ecology)
        • Animals’ Condition (Ecology)
        • Biodiversity (Ecology)
        • Climate (Ecology)
        • Commodity (Ecology)
        • Ecology, technology: Transport
        • Energy (Ecology)
        • Energy (nuclear) (Ecology)
          • Chernobyl (Ecology)
        • Forests (ecology)
        • Technology (Ecology)
        • Water (Ecology)
      • Agriculture
        • GMO & co. (Agriculture)
      • Commons
      • Communication and politics, Media, Social Networks
      • Culture and Politics
        • Sinéad O’Connor
      • Democracy
      • Development
        • Demography (Development)
        • Extractivism (Development)
        • Growth and Degrowth (Development)
      • Education (Theory)
      • Faith, religious authorities, secularism
        • Family, women (Religion, churches, secularism)
          • Religion, churches, secularism: Reproductive rights
        • Abused Children (Religion, churches, secularism)
        • Blasphemy (Faith, religious authorities, secularism)
        • Creationism (Religion, churches, secularism)
        • History (Religion, churches, secularism)
        • LGBT+ (Religion, churches, secularism)
        • Liberation Theology
          • Gustavo Gutiérrez
        • Marxism (Religion, churches, secularism)
        • Political Islam, Islamism (Religion, churches, secularism)
        • Secularism, laïcity
        • The veil (faith, religious authorities, secularism)
        • Vatican
          • Francis / Jorge Mario Bergoglio
      • Fascism, extreme right
      • Gender: Women
      • History
        • History: E. P. Thompson
      • Imperialism (theory)
      • Information Technology (IT)
      • Internationalism (issues)
        • Solidarity: Pandemics, epidemics (health, internationalism)
      • Jewish Question
        • History (Jewish Question)
      • Labor & Social Movements
      • Language
      • Law
        • Exceptional powers (Law)
        • Religious arbitration forums (Law)
        • Rules of war
        • War crimes, genocide (international law)
        • Women, family (Law)
      • LGBT+ (Theory)
      • Marxism & co.
        • Theory (Marxism & co.)
        • Postcolonial Studies / Postcolonialism (Marxism & co.)
        • Identity Politics (Marxism & co.)
        • Intersectionality (Marxism & co.)
        • Marxism and Ecology
        • Africa (Marxism)
        • France (Marxism)
        • Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
      • National Question
      • Oceans (Issues)
      • Parties: Theory and Conceptions
      • Patriarchy, family, feminism
        • Ecofeminism (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
        • Fashion, cosmetic (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
        • Feminism & capitalism (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
        • Language (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
        • Prostitution (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
        • Reproductive Rights (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
        • Violence against women (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
        • Women and Health ( (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
        • Women, work (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
      • Political Strategy
      • Politics: Bibliographies
      • Politics: International Institutions
      • Psychology and politics
      • Racism, xenophobia, differentialism
      • Science and politics
        • Michael Burawoy
      • Sciences & Knowledge
        • Artificial Intelligence
        • Physics (science)
      • Sexuality
      • Social Formation, classes, political regime, ideology
        • Populism (Political regime, ideology)
      • Sport and politics
      • The role of the political
      • Transition: before imperialism
      • Transitional Societies (modern), socialism
      • Wars, conflicts, violences
      • Working Class, Wage labor, income, organizing
    • Movements
      • Analysis & Debates (Movements)
        • Epidemics, pandemics (Movements)
        • History of people’s movements (Movements)
      • Asia (Movements)
        • Globalization (Movements, Asia) (Movements)
        • APISC (Movements, Asia)
        • Asian Social Forum (Movements, Asia)
        • Asian Social Movements (Movements, Asia)
        • Counter-Summits (Movements, Asia)
        • Free Trade (Movements, Asia)
        • IIRE Manila (Movements, Asia)
        • In Asean (Movements, Asia)
        • People’s SAARC / SAAPE (Movements, Asia)
        • Social Protection Campaigns (Movements, Asia)
        • The Milk Tea Alliance
        • Women (Asia, movements)
      • World level (Movements)
        • Feminist Movements
          • Against Fundamentalisms (Feminist Movements)
          • Epidemics / Pandemics (Feminist Movements, health)
          • History of Women’s Movements
          • Rural, peasant (Feminist Movements)
          • World March of Women (Feminist Movements)
        • Anti-fascism Movements (international)
        • Asia-Europe People’s Forums (AEPF) (Movements)
        • Ecosocialist Networks (Movements, World)
        • Indignants (Movements)
        • Intercoll (Movements, World)
        • Internationals (socialist, communist, revolutionary) (Movements, World)
          • International (Fourth) (Movements, World)
            • Ernest Mandel
            • Livio Maitan
            • Women (Fourth International)
            • Youth (Fourth International)
          • International (Second) (1889-1914) (Movements, World)
          • International (Third) (Movements, World)
            • Baku Congress (1920)
            • Communist Cooperatives (Comintern)
            • Krestintern: Comintern’s Peasant International
            • Red Sport International (Sportintern) (Comintern)
            • The Communist Youth International (Comintern)
            • The Red International of Labour Unions (RILU) (Comintern)
            • The ‘International Workers Aid’ (IWA / MRP)
            • Women (Comintern)
        • Internet, Hacktivism (Movements, World)
        • Labor & TUs (Movements, World)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (TUs, international) (Movements, World)
        • Radical Left (Movements, World)
          • IIRE (Movements, World)
          • Movements: Sal Santen (obituary)
          • Radical Parties’ Network (Movements, World)
        • Social Movements Network (Movements, World)
        • World Days of Action (Movements)
        • World Social Forum (Movements)
      • Africa (Movements)
        • Forum of the People (Movements)
      • America (N&S) (Movements)
        • Latin America (Mouvments)
        • US Social Forum (Movements)
      • Europe (Movements)
        • Alter Summit (Movements, Europe)
        • Anti-Austerity/Debt NetworksAlter Summit (Movements, Europe)
        • Anti-G8/G20 in EuropeAlter Summit (Movements)
        • Counter-Summits to the EUAlter Summit (Movements, Europe)
        • Free TradeAlter Summit (Movements, Europe)
        • Movements: European Social Forum
      • Mediterranean (Movements, MEAN)
        • Mediterranean Social Forum (Movements)
        • Political Left (Movements, MEAN)
      • Agriculture & Peasantry (Movements)
        • Women (Movements, Peasantry)
      • Antiwar Struggles (Movements)
        • History of antimilitarism (Movements)
        • Military Bases (Movements)
        • Nuclear Weapon, WMD (Movements)
      • Common Goods & Environment (Movements)
        • Biodiversity (Movements)
        • Climate (Movements)
        • Ecosocialist International Networky (Movements)
        • Nuclear (energy) (Movements)
          • AEPF “No-Nuke” Circle (Movements)
        • Water (Movements)
      • Debt, taxes & Financial Institutions (Movements)
        • IMF (Movements)
        • World Bank (Movements)
      • Health (Movements)
        • Women’s Health (Movements)
        • Asbestos (Movements, health, World)
        • Drugs (Movements, health, World)
        • Epidemics (Movements, health, World)
        • Health & Work (Movements, health, World)
        • Health and social crisis (Movements, health, World)
        • Nuclear (Movements, health, World)
        • Pollution (Movements, health, World)
      • Human Rights & Freedoms (Movements, World)
        • Women’s Rights (Movements, HR)
        • Corporate HR violations (Movements, HR)
        • Disability (Movements, HR)
        • Exceptional Powers (Movements, HR)
        • Justice, law (Movements, HR)
        • Media, Internet (Movements, HR)
        • Non-State Actors (Movements, World)
        • Police, weapons (Movements, HR)
        • Rights of free meeting (Movements, HR)
        • Secret services (Movements, HR)
      • LGBT+ (Movements, World)
      • Parliamentary field (Movements, health, World)
      • Social Rights, Labor (Movements)
        • Reclaim People’s Dignity (Movements)
        • Urban Rights (Movements)
      • TNCs, Trade, WTO (Movements)
        • Cocoa value chain (Movements)
    • World
      • The world today (World)
      • Global Crisis / Polycrisis (World)
      • Global health crises, pandemics (World)
        • Epidemics, pandemics (economic crisis, World)
      • Economy (World)
        • Financial and economic crisis (World)
          • Car industry, transport (World)
        • Technologies (Economy)
      • Extreme right, fascism, fundamentalism (World)
      • History (World)
      • Migrants, refugees (World)
      • Military (World)
      • Terrorism (World)
    • Africa
      • Africa Today
        • ChinAfrica
      • Environment (Africa)
        • Biodiversity (Africa)
      • Religion (Africa)
      • Women (Africa)
      • Economy (Africa)
      • Epidemics, pandemics (Africa)
      • History (Africa)
        • Amilcar Cabral
      • Sahel Region
      • Angola
        • Angola: History
      • Burkina Faso
      • Cameroon
        • Cameroon: LGBT+
      • Capo Verde
      • Central African Republic (CAR)
      • Chad
      • Congo Kinshasa (DRC)
        • Patrice Lumumba
      • Djibouti (Eng)
      • Eritrea
      • Ethiopia
      • Gambia
      • Ghana
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Ghana)
        • Ghana: LGBT+
      • Guinea (Conakry)
      • Ivory Coast
      • Kenya
        • History (Kenya)
        • Kenya: WSF 2007
        • Left forces (Kenya)
        • LGBT+ (Kenya)
        • Women (Kenya)
      • Lesotho
      • Liberia
        • Liberia: LGBT+
      • Madagascar
      • Mali
        • Women (Mali)
        • History (Mali)
      • Mauritania
      • Mauritius
        • Women (Mauritius)
      • Mayotte
      • Mozambique
      • Namibia
      • Niger
        • Niger: Nuclear
      • Nigeria
        • Women (Nigeria)
        • Pandemics, epidemics (health, Nigeria)
      • Réunion
      • Rwanda
        • The genocide of the Tutsi in Rwanda
      • Senegal
        • Women (Senegal)
      • Seychelles
      • Sierra Leone
        • Sierra Leone: LGBT+
      • Somalia
        • Women (Somalia)
      • South Africa
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, South Africa)
        • On the Left (South Africa)
          • David Sanders
          • Mark Thabo Weinberg
          • Nelson Mandela
        • Women (South Africa)
        • Culture (South Africa)
        • Ecology, Environment (South Africa)
        • Economy, social (South Africa)
        • History (Freedom Struggle and first years of ANC government) (South Africa)
          • Steve Biko
        • Institutions, laws (South Africa)
        • Labour, community protests (South Africa)
          • Cosatu (South Africa)
          • SAFTU (South Africa)
        • Land reform and rural issues (South Africa)
        • LGBTQ+ (South Africa)
        • Students (South Africa)
      • South Sudan
        • Ecology (South Sudan)
      • Sudan
        • Women (Sudan)
      • Tanzania
      • Uganda
        • Uganda: LGBT
      • Zambia
      • Zimbabwe
        • Women (Zimbabwe)
    • Americas
      • Ecology (Latin America)
      • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Latin America)
      • History (Latin America)
      • Indigenous People (Latin America)
      • Latin America (Latin America)
      • LGBT+ (Latin America)
      • Migrations (Latin America)
      • Women (Latin America)
      • Amazonia
      • Antilles / West Indies
      • Argentina
        • Diego Maradona
        • Economy (Argentina)
        • History (Argentina)
          • Daniel Pereyra
        • Women (Argentina)
          • Reproductive Rights (Women, Argentina)
      • Bahamas
        • Bahamas: Disasters
      • Bolivia
        • Women (Bolivia)
        • Orlando Gutiérrez
      • Brazil
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Brazil)
        • Women (Brazil)
          • Reproductive Rights (Brazil)
        • Ecology (Brazil)
        • Economy (Brazil)
        • History (Brazil)
        • History of the Left (Brazil)
          • Marielle Franco
        • Indigenous People (Brazil)
        • Justice, freedoms (Brazil)
        • Labor (Brazil)
        • LGBT+ (Brazil)
        • Rural (Brazil)
        • World Cup, Olympics, social resistances (Brazil)
      • Canada & Quebec
        • Women (Canada & Quebec)
        • Ecology (Canada & Quebec)
        • Far Right / Extreme Right (Canada, Quebec)
        • Fundamentalism & secularism (Canada & Quebec)
        • Health (Canada & Québec)
          • Pandemics, epidemics (Health, Canada & Québec)
        • History
        • Indigenous People (Canada & Quebec)
        • LGBT+ (Canada & Quebec)
        • On the Left (Canada & Quebec)
          • Biographies (Left, Canada, Quebec)
            • Bernard Rioux
            • Ernest (‘Ernie’) Tate & Jess Mackenzie
            • Leo Panitch
            • Pierre Beaudet
      • Caribbean
      • Chile
        • Women (Chile)
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Chile)
        • History (Chile)
          • Marta Harnecker
          • Pinochet Dictatorship
          • Victor Jara
        • LGBT+ (Chile)
        • Natural Disasters (Chile)
      • Colombia
        • Women (Colombia)
          • Reproductive Rights (Columbia)
        • Pandemics, epidemics (Colombia, Health)
      • Costa Rica
      • Cuba
        • Women, gender (Cuba)
        • Ecology (Cuba)
        • Epidemics / Pandemics (health, Cuba)
        • History (Cuba)
          • Che Guevara
            • Che Guevara (obituary)
          • Cuban Revolution (History)
          • Fidel Castro
        • LGBT+ (Cuba)
      • Ecuador
        • Women (Ecuador)
        • Ecology (Ecuador)
        • Humanitarian Disasters (Ecuador)
      • El Salvador
        • Women (El Salvador)
        • El Salvador: Salvadorian Revolution and Counter-Revolution
      • Grenada
      • Guatemala
        • History (Guatemala)
        • Mining (Guatemala)
        • Women (Guatemala)
      • Guiana (French)
      • Haiti
        • Women (Haiti)
        • Haiti: History
        • Haiti: Natural Disasters
      • Honduras
        • Women (Honduras)
        • Berta Cáceres
        • Honduras: History
        • Honduras: LGBT+
        • Juan López (Honduras)
      • Jamaica
      • Mexico
        • Women (Mexico)
        • Disasters (Mexico)
        • Epidemics / Pandemics (health, Mexico)
        • History of people struggles (Mexico)
          • Rosario Ibarra
        • The Left (Mexico)
          • Adolfo Gilly
      • Nicaragua
        • Women (Nicaragua)
        • History (Nicaragua)
          • Fernando Cardenal
        • Nicaragua: Nicaraguan Revolution
      • Panamá
      • Paraguay
        • Women (Paraguay)
      • Peru
        • Hugo Blanco
      • Puerto Rico
        • Disasters (Puerto Rico)
      • Uruguay
        • Women (Uruguay)
        • History (Uruguay)
        • Labour Movement (Uruguay)
      • USA
        • Women (USA)
          • History (Feminism, USA)
          • Reproductive Rights (Women, USA)
          • Violence (women, USA)
        • Disasters (USA)
        • Far Right, Religious Right (USA)
        • Health (USA)
          • Children (health)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, USA)
        • On the Left (USA)
          • Health (Left, USA)
          • History (Left)
          • Solidarity / Against the Current (USA)
          • The Democratic Socialists of America (DSA)
          • Biographies, History (Left, USA)
            • History: SWP and before (USA)
            • Angela Davis
            • Barbara Dane
            • bell hooks (En)
            • C.L.R. James
            • Dan La Botz
            • Daniel Ellsberg
            • David Graeber
            • Ellen Meiksins Wood
            • Ellen Spence Poteet
            • Erik Olin Wright
            • Frederic Jameson
            • Gabriel Kolko
            • Gus Horowitz
            • Herbert Marcuse
            • Immanuel Wallerstein
            • James Cockcroft
            • John Lewis
            • Kai Nielsen
            • Larry Kramer
            • Malcolm X
            • Marshall Berman
            • Martin Luther King
            • Michael Lebowitz
            • Mike Davis
            • Norma Barzman
            • Richard Wright
        • Secularity, religion & politics
        • Social Struggles, labor (USA)
          • Epidemics / Pandemics (health, Social struggles, USA)
        • Agriculture (USA)
        • Ecology (USA)
        • Economy, social (USA)
        • Education (USA)
        • Energy (USA)
        • Foreign Policy, Military, International Solidarity (USA)
        • History (USA)
          • Henry Kissinger
          • History of people’s struggles (USA)
          • Jimmy Carter
          • Trump, trumpism (USA)
        • Housing (USA)
        • Human Rights, police, justice (USA)
        • Human Rights: Guantanamo (USA)
        • Human Rights: Incarceration (USA)
        • Indian nations and indigenous groups (USA)
        • Institutions, political regime (USA)
        • LGBT+ (USA)
        • Migrant, refugee (USA)
        • Persons / Individuals (USA)
          • Donald Trump (USA)
          • Laura Loomer
        • Racism (USA)
          • Arabes (racism, USA)
          • Asians (racism, USA)
          • Blacks (racism, USA)
          • Jews (racism, USA)
        • Science (USA)
        • Violences (USA)
      • Venezuela
        • Women (Venezuela)
        • Ecology (Venezuela)
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Venezuela)
    • Asia
      • Disasters (Asia)
      • Ecology (Asia)
      • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Asia)
      • History
      • Women (Asia)
      • Asia (Central, ex-USSR)
        • Kazakhstan
          • Women (Kazakhstan)
        • Kyrgyzstan
          • Women (Kyrgyzstan)
        • Tajikistan
        • Uzbekistan
      • Asia (East & North-East)
      • Asia (South, SAARC)
        • Ecology (South Asia)
          • Climate (ecology, South Asia)
        • Economy, debt (South Asia)
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, South Asia)
        • LGBT+ (South Asia)
        • Religious fundamentalism
        • Women (South Asia)
      • Asia (Southeast, ASEAN)
        • Health (South East Asia, ASEAN)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, South East Asia, ASEAN))
      • Asia economy & social
        • Epidemics / Pandemics (health, Asia)
      • Economy & Labour (Asia)
      • On the Left (Asia)
      • Afghanistan
        • Women, patriarchy, sharia (Afghanistan)
        • History, society (Afghanistan)
        • On the Left (Afghanistan)
      • Bangladesh
        • Health (Bangladesh)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Bangladesh)
        • Ecological Disasters, climate (Bangladesh)
        • Fundamentalism & secularism (Bangladesh)
        • The Left (Bangladesh)
        • Women (Bangladesh)
        • Economy (Bangladesh)
        • History (Bangladesh)
        • Human Rights (Bangladesh)
        • Indigenous People (Bangladesh)
        • Labour (Bangladesh)
          • Industrial Disasters (Bangladesh)
        • LGBT+ (Bangladesh)
        • Nuclear (Bangladesh)
        • Rohingya (refugee, Bangladesh)
        • Rural & Fisherfolk (Bangladesh)
      • Bhutan
        • LGT+ (Bhutan)
        • Women (Bhutan)
      • Brunei
        • Women, LGBT+, Sharia, (Brunei)
      • Burma / Myanmar
        • Arakan / Rakine (Burma)
          • Rohingyas (Burma/Myanmar)
        • Buddhism / Sanga
        • CSOs (Burma / Mynamar)
        • Economy (Burma/Myanmar)
        • Health (Burma / Myanmar)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Burma/Myanmar)
        • History (Burma/Myanmar)
          • History of struggles (Burma/Myanmar)
        • Labor (Burma/Myanmar)
        • Migrants (Burma/Myanmar)
        • Natural Disasters (Burma/Myanmar)
        • Women (Burma/Myanmar)
      • Cambodia
        • Women (Cambodia)
        • Epidemics / Pandemics (health, Cambodia)
        • History (Cambodia)
          • The Khmers rouges (Cambodia)
        • Labour / Labor (Cambodia)
        • Rural (Cambodia)
        • Urban (Cambodia)
      • China (PRC)
        • Health (China)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, China)
        • Political situation (China)
        • China Today
        • Global Rise (China)
          • Military expansion (China)
          • Silk Roads/OBOR/BRICS (China)
          • World Economy (China)
          • China & Africa
          • China & Europe
            • China and the Russian War in Ukraine
          • China & Japan
          • China & Latin America
          • China & MENA
          • China & North America
          • China & Russia
          • China & South Asia
          • China § Asia-Pacific
          • China, ASEAN & the South China Sea
          • China, Korea, & North-East Asia
        • On the Left (China)
        • Women (China)
        • China § Xinjiang/East Turkestan
        • Civil Society (China)
        • Demography (China)
        • Ecology and environment (China)
        • Economy, technology (China)
        • History (China)
          • History pre-XXth Century (China)
          • History XXth Century (China)
            • Beijing Summer Olympic Games 2008
            • Chinese Trotskyists
              • Wang Fanxi / Wang Fan-hsi
              • Zheng Chaolin
            • Foreign Policy (history, China)
            • Transition to capitalism (history , China)
        • Human Rights, freedoms (China)
        • Labour and social struggles (China)
        • LGBT+ (China)
        • Religion & Churches (China)
        • Rural, agriculture (China)
        • Social Control, social credit (China)
        • Social Protection (China)
        • Sport and politics (China)
          • Beijing Olympic Games
      • China: Hong Kong SAR
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Hong Kong)
        • History (Hong Kong)
        • LGBT+ (Hong Kong)
        • Migrants (Hong Kong)
      • China: Macao SAR
      • East Timor
        • East Timor: News Updates
      • India
        • Political situation (India)
        • Caste, Dalits & Adivasis (India)
          • Adivasi, Tribes (India)
          • Dalits & Other Backward Castes (OBC) (India)
        • Fundamentalism, communalism, extreme right, secularism (India)
        • Health (India)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, India)
        • North-East (India)
        • The Left (India)
          • MN Roy
          • Stan Swamy (India)
          • The Left: ML Updates (DISCONTINUED) (India)
          • Trupti Shah (obituary) (India)
        • Women (India)
        • Antiwar & nuclear (India)
        • Digital Rights (India)
        • Ecology & Industrial Disasters (India)
        • Economy & Globalisation (India)
        • Energy, nuclear (India)
        • History (up to 1947) (India)
          • Baghat Singh (India)
          • Gandhi
        • History after 1947 (India)
        • Human Rights & Freedoms (India)
        • International Relations (India)
        • Labor, wage earners, TUs (India)
        • LGBT+ (India)
        • Military (India)
        • Narmada (India)
        • Natural Disaster (India)
        • Refugees (India)
        • Regional Politics (South Asia) (India)
        • Rural & fisherfolk (India)
        • Social Forums (India)
        • Social Protection (India)
        • Urban (India)
      • Indonesia & West Papua
        • Epidemics / Pandemics (health, Indonesia)
        • Papua (Indonesia)
          • Pandemics, epidemics (health, West Papua)
        • The Left (Indonesia)
        • Women (Indonesia)
        • Common Goods (Indonesia)
        • Ecology (Indonesia)
        • Economy (Indonesia)
        • Fundamentalism, sharia, religion (Indonesia)
        • History before 1965 (Indonesia)
        • History from 1945 (Indonesia)
          • Tan Malaka
        • History: 1965 and after (Indonesia)
        • Human Rights (Indonesia)
          • MUNIR Said Thalib (Indonesia)
        • Indigenous People (Indonesia)
        • Indonesia / East Timor News Digests DISCONTINUED
          • Indonesia Roundup DISCONTINUED
        • Labor, urban poor (Indonesia)
          • History (labour, Indonesia)
        • LGBT+ (Indonesia)
        • Natural Disaster (Indonesia)
        • Rural & fisherfolk (Indonesia)
        • Student, youth (Indonesia)
      • Japan
        • Political situation (Japan)
        • Health (Japan)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Japan)
        • Okinawa (Japan)
        • Women (Japan)
        • Anti-war movement (Japan)
        • Culture, society (Japan)
        • Disasters (Japan)
        • Ecology (Japan)
        • Economy (Japan)
        • Energy, nuclear (Japan)
          • History (nuclear, Japan)
        • Extreme right, fascism (Japan)
        • History (Japan)
          • History of people’s struggles (Japan)
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  • S’unir pour la paix en Syrie : Appel mondial de la société civile aux Etats (…)

Communiqué

S’unir pour la paix en Syrie : Appel mondial de la société civile aux Etats membres de l’ONU

Sunday 4 December 2016, by Mouvements

  

Le Conseil de Sécurité a abandonné les Syriens. Depuis bientôt six ans de conflit, près d’un demi-million de personnes ont été tuées et 11 millions ont été déplacés de force sur le territoire. Plus récemment, la Russie, le régime et leurs alliés ont mené des attaques illégales sur Alep-Est, se souciant peu des quelques 250 000 civils piégés sur place. Les groupes armés d’opposition ont pour leur part continué de tirer des obus de mortier et d’autres projectiles sur les quartiers résidentiels d’Alep-Ouest, même si le Haut-Commissaire pour les Droits de l’Homme a rappelé que « les frappes aériennes indiscriminées du régime sur la partie Est de la ville par les forces gouvernementales et leurs alliés sont responsables de la très grande majorité des victimes civiles. » Les efforts pour mettre un terme à ces atrocités et tenir les auteurs de ces crimes pour responsables ont été bloqués à maintes reprises par la Russie, qui continue d’abuser de son pouvoir de veto au Conseil de Sécurité.

L’envoyé spécial des Nations Unies pour la Syrie, Steffan de Mistura, a affirmé que l’ONU ne peut pas laisser se produire « un nouveau Srebrenica, un nouveau Rwanda, et à moins que quelque chose ne soit fait, c’est malheureusement ce que nous acceptons de laisser se produire sous nos yeux. » Pourtant, rien n’indique que le blocage du Conseil de Sécurité touche à sa fin. Le gardien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales a manqué à la responsabilité que lui confie la Charte des Nations Unies, comme il a manqué à sa responsabilité de protéger le peuple syrien.

C’est pourquoi nous, coalition mondiale de 223 organisations de la société civile, appelons urgemment les Etats membres des Nations Unies à intervenir et demander une session extraordinaire d’urgence de l’Assemblée Générale de l’ONU pour exiger la fin de toutes les attaques illégales à Alep et dans le reste de la Syrie, et garantir l’accès humanitaire immédiat et sans entrave pour acheminer de l’aide tous ceux qui en dépendent. Les Etats membres devraient aussi considérer comment traduire en justice les auteurs de crimes les plus graves de droit international, quel que soit leur camp.

Nous saluons l’initiative du Canada cherchant à mobiliser l’Assemblée Générale de l’ONU, et nous exhortons tous les Etats membres à rejoindre les 73 pays, de tous les continents, qui la soutiennent déjà. Ces pays devraient travailler à une session extraordinaire d’urgence de l’Assemblée Générale le plus rapidement possible, tel que les Etats membres de l’ONU l’ont fait par le passé lorsque le Conseil de Sécurité était bloqué.

Nous appelons en particulier les 112 Etats signataires du Code de Conduite ACT « Responsabilité, Cohérence et Transparence », qui comprend un engagement pour soutenir « des actions opportunes et décisives » cherchant à prévenir ou mettre un terme à la perpétration de crimes de génocide, crimes contre l’humanité et crimes de guerre, à soutenir cette initiative et promouvoir activement des actions robustes au sein de l’Assemblée Générale des Nations Unies.

L’inaction ne peut pas être une option. Les Etats membres de l’ONU devraient faire usage de tous les moyens diplomatiques à leur disposition pour mettre un terme aux atrocités et protéger les millions de civils en Syrie. L’Histoire jugera sévèrement ceux qui ne se seront pas montrés à la hauteur de cette situation.

Signataires

ABAAD
Abrar Halap Association for Relief and Development*
ActionAid International
Action des Chrétiens pour l’Abolition de la Torture (ACAT)
Afghanistan Global Civil Society Consortium (AGCSC)
Africa Atrocities Watch
African Centre for Transitional Justice (ACT-J)
African Youth Initiative Network (AYINET)
Ahl Horan*
Alkawakibi Organisation for Human Rights
Al Seeraj For Development And Healthcare*
Amnesty International
Amrha*
Antiwar Committee in Solidarity with the Struggle for Self-Determination
Arab Human Rights Organization – Libya
Arab Program for Human Rights Activists (APHRA)
Asia Forum for Human Rights and Development (FORUM-ASIA)
Assistance Mission for Africa (AMA)
Associação Brasileira de Organizações Não Governamentais (Brazilian Association of NGOs)
Association For Promotion Sustainable Development, India
Association Medina
Assyrian Human Rights Network (AHRN)
Association de Soutien aux Médias Libres (ASML)
Attaa for Relief and Development (ARD)*
Attaa Association*
Avaaz
Badayl-Goa
Badhon Human Development Organization (Badhon Manob Unnayan Sangstha)
Balad Syria Organization*
Basmeh & Zeitooneh For Relief and Development
Basmet Amal Charity*
Baytna Syria
Big Heart Foundation
Bihar Relief Organization*
BINAA for Development
Bonyan*
Bridge of Peace
Broederlijk Delen
Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies (CIHRS)
Canadian Catholic Organization for Development and Peace
Canadian Council for International Co-operation (CCIC)
Canadian Labour Congress (CLC)
CARE International
Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace (CCJP)
Center for Civilians in Conflict (CIVIC)
Center for the Development of International Law (CDIL)
Center for Conflict Resolution (CECORE)
Christian Aid UK
Coalition for the International Criminal Court (CICC)
Collectif pour une Syrie Libre et Démocratique
Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI)
Concern Worldwide
Conectas Human Rights
Control Arms Foundation of India
Council for Arab-British Understanding (Caabu)
CCFD-Terre Solidaire
Damascene House Foundation for Society Development*
Deir Elzzor United Association – FURAT*
Democratic Republic Studies Center
Doctors of the World UK
East African Civil Society Organisations’ Forum (EACSOF)
Economic Justice Network Sierra Leone
Education without borders – MIDAD*
Emaar AL Sham Humanitarian Association*
Emissa for Development
End Impunity Organization (EIO)
Enjaz Development foundation*
Equitas
EuroMed Droits (Réseau Euro-Médéiterranéen pour les Droits de l’Homme)
FIDH – Fédération Internationale des ligues des Droits de l’Homme
Foundation for Democracy and Accountable Governance (FODAG)
Fraternity Foundation for Human Rights
Fundación Jóvenes y Desarrollo
Ghiath Matar Foundation*
Ghiras Al Nahda*
Ghiras Foundation for Child Care
Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect
GOAL
Greater Upper Nile, Bahr el Ghazal & Equatoria Youth Association (GUBEYA)
Halina Niec Legal Aid Centre (HNLAC)
Hand In Hand For Syria
Help 4Syria
Helsinki Committee for Human Rights of the Republic of Macedonia (MHC)
Humanitarian Relief Association – IYD*
Human Appeal
Human Care Syria
Human Rights Documentation Organization (HURIDO)
Human Rights First Society – Saudi Arabia
Human Rights Now (HRN)
Human Rights Watch (HRW)
Hungarian Helsinki Committee
Instituto Brasileiro de Analises Sociais e Economicas (IBASE)
ICJ Kenya
IHH Humantiarian Relief Foundation
Independent Doctors Association (IDA)
Insan for Psychosocial Support*
Instituto de Estudos Socioeconômicos (INESC)
Institute for Promotion of Civil Society (IPCS)
Instituto Igarapé
Intercultural Resources
International Alert
International Association of World Peace Advocates
International Center for Policy and Conflict (ICPC)
International Humanitarian Relief*
International Rescue Committee (IRC)
International Service for Human Rights (ISHR)
International Supporting Woman Association – ISWA*
International Youth For Africa (IYA)
Irtiqaa Foundation*
Jonglei Development Agency (JODA)
Jugend Eine Welt – Don Bosco Aktion Österreich
Karam Foundation
Kesh Malek
KHOJ
Latvian Platform for Development Cooperation (LAPAS)
Maram Foundation for Relief & Development*
Médecins du Monde France
Medical Aid for Palestinians (MAP)
Middle East and North Africa Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict (MENAPPAC)
Misiones Salesianas
Mother of Hope Cameroon (MOHCAM)
Mountain Foundation*
Najda now*
Nasaem Khair*
NGO NO-WAR NETWORK
Non C’è Pace Senza Giustizia (No Peace Without Justice)
Norwegian Church Aid
Nuon Organization for Peace-Building
Ohaha Family Foundation (OFF)
Organization for Non-violence and Development (ONAD)
Orient for Human Relief*
Oxfam
Pan African Lawyers Union (PALU)
PAX
Pax Christi Flanders
Peace and Development Collaborative Organization (PDCO)
People in Need (PIN)
People’s Action For Rural Awakening (PARA)
People’s Empowerment Foundation (PEF)
Permanent Peace Movement (PPM)
Physicians for Human Rights (PHR)
Protection Approaches
Qitaf Al Khair Relief Association*
Quaker Peace and Social Witness
Radanar Ayar Rural Development Association
Relief International
Relief & Reconciliation for Syria
Rethink Rebuild Society
Revivre
Rideau Institute
Rwanda Green Initiative
Saed Charity Association*
Sanayee Development Organization (SDO)
Save A Soul*
Save the Children
Sedra Association For Charity*
Shama Association*
Shaml Coalition
Snabel Al Khyr*
Solidarity Ministries Africa for Reconciliation & Development (SMARD)
Souria Houria
South Solidarity Initiative
South Sudan Action Network on Small Arms (SSANSA)
South Sudan Christian Community Agency (SSCCA)
South Sudan Human Rights Society for Advocacy (SSHURSA)
South Sudan Law Society (SSLS)
South Sudan Youth Peace and Development Organization (SSYPADO)
South Sudanese Diaspora Civil Society Network (SSDCSN)
Sri Lanka-United Nations Friendship Organisation (SUNFO)
STAND
Stichting Vluchteling (Netherlands Refugee Foundation)
SUDO (UK)
Syria Charity
Syria NGO Alliance
Syria Relief*
Syria Relief and Development (SRD)
Syria Relief Network (SRN)
Syria Relief Organization*
Syrian American Council
Syrian American Medical Society (SAMS)
Syrian Center For Legal Studies and Research
Syrian Center for Media and Freedom of Expression (SCM)
Syrian Center for Statistics and Research (CSR-SY)
Syrian Education Commission – SEC*
Syrian Engineers For Construction and Development Organization – SECD*
Syrian Expatriate Medical Association – SEMA*
Syrian Institute for Justice
Syrian League for Citizenship
Syrian Medical Mission*
Syrian Network for Human Rights
Syrian Orphans Organization*
Syrians for Truth and Justice (STJ)
Takaful Al Sham Charity Organization*
Tearfund
The Center for Victims of Torture (CVT)
The Commission for Disappearances and Victims of Violence (KontraS)
The Montreal Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies (MIGS)
The Red Elephant Foundation
The Syria Campaign
The Syrian Establishment for Human Care & Enhancement – MASRRAT*
The Violations Documentation Center in Syria (VDC)
Trócaire‎
Tuba Dernegi*
Unified Revolutionary Medical Bureau in East Gouta*
Union Of Syrians Abroad*
URNAMMU
Vision GRAM-International
Voice for Change (VFC)
War Child
White Hands – Beyaz Eller*
Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF)
Women Monthly Forum
World Federalist Movement–Institute for Global Policy (WFM-IGP)
World Renew
World Vision
Youth Forum on Foreign Policy
Youth for Peace and Development
Youth in Action Balochistan
Youth in Action Nepal
Yuwalaya
Zimbabwe Human Rights Association (ZimRights)
Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum
11.11

* Membres du Syria Relief Network (SRN), groupement d’ONG humanitaires syriennes opérant en Syrie et dans les pays voisins pour apporter de l’aide aux Syriens qui en dépendent.

P.S.

* Publié sur Souria Houria le 4 décembre 2016 :
http://souriahouria.com/communique-sunir-pour-la-paix-en-syrie-appel-mondial-de-la-societe-civile-aux-etats-membres-de-lonu/

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