Français | English

Europe Solidaire Sans Frontières

    • Issues
      • Health (Issues)
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Issues)
          • AIDS / HIV (Health)
          • Dengue (epidemics, health)
          • Mpox / Monkeypox (epidemics, health)
          • Poliomyelitis (epidemics, health)
          • Respiratory viral infections (epidemics, health)
          • Tuberculosis (epidemics, health)
        • Health and Climate crisis
        • Tobacco (health)
      • Individuals
        • Franz Fanon
        • Michael Löwy
      • Solidarity
        • Solidarity: ESSF campaigns
          • ESSF financial solidarity – Global balance sheets
          • Funds (ESSF)
          • Global Appeals
          • Bangladesh (ESSF)
          • Burma, Myanmar (ESSF)
          • Indonesia (ESSF)
          • Japan (ESSF)
          • Malaysia (ESSF)
          • Nepal (ESSF)
          • Pakistan (ESSF)
          • Philippines (ESSF)
        • Solidarity: Geo-politics of Humanitarian Relief
        • Solidarity: Humanitarian and development CSOs
        • Solidarity: Humanitarian Disasters
        • Solidarity: Humanitarian response: methodologies and principles
        • Solidarity: Political economy of disaster
      • Capitalism & globalisation
        • History (Capitalism)
      • Civilisation & identities
        • Civilisation & Identities: unity, equality
      • Ecology (Theory)
        • Global Crisis / Polycrisis (ecology)
        • Growth / Degrowth (Ecology)
        • Animals’ Condition (Ecology)
        • Biodiversity (Ecology)
        • Climate (Ecology)
        • Commodity (Ecology)
        • Ecology, technology: Transport
        • Energy (Ecology)
        • Energy (nuclear) (Ecology)
          • Chernobyl (Ecology)
        • Forests (ecology)
        • Technology (Ecology)
        • Water (Ecology)
      • Agriculture
        • GMO & co. (Agriculture)
      • Commons
      • Communication and politics, Media, Social Networks
      • Culture and Politics
        • Sinéad O’Connor
      • Democracy
      • Development
        • Demography (Development)
        • Extractivism (Development)
        • Growth and Degrowth (Development)
      • Education (Theory)
      • Faith, religious authorities, secularism
        • Family, women (Religion, churches, secularism)
          • Religion, churches, secularism: Reproductive rights
        • Abused Children (Religion, churches, secularism)
        • Blasphemy (Faith, religious authorities, secularism)
        • Creationism (Religion, churches, secularism)
        • History (Religion, churches, secularism)
        • LGBT+ (Religion, churches, secularism)
        • Liberation Theology
          • Gustavo Gutiérrez
        • Marxism (Religion, churches, secularism)
        • Political Islam, Islamism (Religion, churches, secularism)
        • Secularism, laïcity
        • The veil (faith, religious authorities, secularism)
      • Fascism, extreme right
      • Gender: Women
      • History
        • History: E. P. Thompson
      • Imperialism (theory)
      • Information Technology (IT)
      • Internationalism (issues)
        • Solidarity: Pandemics, epidemics (health, internationalism)
      • Jewish Question
        • History (Jewish Question)
      • Labor & Social Movements
      • Language
      • Law
        • Exceptional powers (Law)
        • Religious arbitration forums (Law)
        • Rules of war
        • War crimes, genocide (international law)
        • Women, family (Law)
      • LGBT+ (Theory)
      • Marxism & co.
        • Theory (Marxism & co.)
        • Postcolonial Studies / Postcolonialism (Marxism & co.)
        • Identity Politics (Marxism & co.)
        • Intersectionality (Marxism & co.)
        • Marxism and Ecology
        • Africa (Marxism)
        • France (Marxism)
        • Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
      • National Question
      • Oceans (Issues)
      • Parties: Theory and Conceptions
      • Patriarchy, family, feminism
        • Ecofeminism (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
        • Fashion, cosmetic (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
        • Feminism & capitalism (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
        • Language (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
        • Prostitution (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
        • Reproductive Rights (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
        • Violence against women (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
        • Women and Health ( (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
        • Women, work (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
      • Political Strategy
      • Politics: Bibliographies
      • Politics: International Institutions
      • Psychology and politics
      • Racism, xenophobia, differentialism
      • Science and politics
      • Sciences & Knowledge
        • Artificial Intelligence
        • Physics (science)
      • Sexuality
      • Social Formation, classes, political regime, ideology
        • Populism (Political regime, ideology)
      • Sport and politics
      • The role of the political
      • Transition: before imperialism
      • Transitional Societies (modern), socialism
      • Wars, conflicts, violences
      • Working Class, Wage labor, income, organizing
    • Movements
      • Analysis & Debates (Movements)
        • Epidemics, pandemics (Movements)
        • History of people’s movements (Movements)
      • Asia (Movements)
        • Globalization (Movements, Asia) (Movements)
        • APISC (Movements, Asia)
        • Asian Social Forum (Movements, Asia)
        • Asian Social Movements (Movements, Asia)
        • Counter-Summits (Movements, Asia)
        • Free Trade (Movements, Asia)
        • IIRE Manila (Movements, Asia)
        • In Asean (Movements, Asia)
        • People’s SAARC / SAAPE (Movements, Asia)
        • Social Protection Campaigns (Movements, Asia)
        • The Milk Tea Alliance
        • Women (Asia, movements)
      • World level (Movements)
        • Feminist Movements
          • Against Fundamentalisms (Feminist Movements)
          • Epidemics / Pandemics (Feminist Movements, health)
          • History of Women’s Movements
          • Rural, peasant (Feminist Movements)
          • World March of Women (Feminist Movements)
        • Anti-fascism Movements (international)
        • Asia-Europe People’s Forums (AEPF) (Movements)
        • Ecosocialist Networks (Movements, World)
        • Indignants (Movements)
        • Intercoll (Movements, World)
        • Internationals (socialist, communist, revolutionary) (Movements, World)
          • International (Fourth) (Movements, World)
            • Ernest Mandel
            • Livio Maitan
            • Women (Fourth International)
            • Youth (Fourth International)
          • International (Second) (1889-1914) (Movements, World)
          • International (Third) (Movements, World)
            • Baku Congress (1920)
            • Communist Cooperatives (Comintern)
            • Krestintern: Comintern’s Peasant International
            • Red Sport International (Sportintern) (Comintern)
            • The Communist Youth International (Comintern)
            • The Red International of Labour Unions (RILU) (Comintern)
            • The ‘International Workers Aid’ (IWA / MRP)
            • Women (Comintern)
        • Internet, Hacktivism (Movements, World)
        • Labor & TUs (Movements, World)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (TUs, international) (Movements, World)
        • Radical Left (Movements, World)
          • IIRE (Movements, World)
          • Movements: Sal Santen (obituary)
          • Radical Parties’ Network (Movements, World)
        • Social Movements Network (Movements, World)
        • World Days of Action (Movements)
        • World Social Forum (Movements)
      • Africa (Movements)
        • Forum of the People (Movements)
      • America (N&S) (Movements)
        • Latin America (Mouvments)
        • US Social Forum (Movements)
      • Europe (Movements)
        • Alter Summit (Movements, Europe)
        • Anti-Austerity/Debt NetworksAlter Summit (Movements, Europe)
        • Anti-G8/G20 in EuropeAlter Summit (Movements)
        • Counter-Summits to the EUAlter Summit (Movements, Europe)
        • Free TradeAlter Summit (Movements, Europe)
        • Movements: European Social Forum
      • Mediterranean (Movements, MEAN)
        • Mediterranean Social Forum (Movements)
        • Political Left (Movements, MEAN)
      • Agriculture & Peasantry (Movements)
        • Women (Movements, Peasantry)
      • Antiwar Struggles (Movements)
        • History of antimilitarism (Movements)
        • Military Bases (Movements)
        • Nuclear Weapon, WMD (Movements)
      • Common Goods & Environment (Movements)
        • Biodiversity (Movements)
        • Climate (Movements)
        • Ecosocialist International Networky (Movements)
        • Nuclear (energy) (Movements)
          • AEPF “No-Nuke” Circle (Movements)
        • Water (Movements)
      • Debt, taxes & Financial Institutions (Movements)
        • IMF (Movements)
        • World Bank (Movements)
      • Health (Movements)
        • Women’s Health (Movements)
        • Asbestos (Movements, health, World)
        • Drugs (Movements, health, World)
        • Epidemics (Movements, health, World)
        • Health & Work (Movements, health, World)
        • Health and social crisis (Movements, health, World)
        • Nuclear (Movements, health, World)
        • Pollution (Movements, health, World)
      • Human Rights & Freedoms (Movements, World)
        • Women’s Rights (Movements, HR)
        • Corporate HR violations (Movements, HR)
        • Disability (Movements, HR)
        • Exceptional Powers (Movements, HR)
        • Justice, law (Movements, HR)
        • Media, Internet (Movements, HR)
        • Non-State Actors (Movements, World)
        • Police, weapons (Movements, HR)
        • Rights of free meeting (Movements, HR)
        • Secret services (Movements, HR)
      • LGBT+ (Movements, World)
      • Parliamentary field (Movements, health, World)
      • Social Rights, Labor (Movements)
        • Reclaim People’s Dignity (Movements)
        • Urban Rights (Movements)
      • TNCs, Trade, WTO (Movements)
        • Cocoa value chain (Movements)
    • World
      • The world today (World)
      • Global Crisis / Polycrisis (World)
      • Global health crises, pandemics (World)
        • Epidemics, pandemics (economic crisis, World)
      • Economy (World)
        • Financial and economic crisis (World)
          • Car industry, transport (World)
        • Technologies (Economy)
      • Extreme right, fascism, fundamentalism (World)
      • History (World)
      • Migrants, refugees (World)
      • Military (World)
      • Terrorism (World)
    • Africa
      • Africa Today
        • ChinAfrica
      • Environment (Africa)
        • Biodiversity (Africa)
      • Religion (Africa)
      • Women (Africa)
      • Economy (Africa)
      • Epidemics, pandemics (Africa)
      • History (Africa)
        • Amilcar Cabral
      • Sahel Region
      • Angola
        • Angola: History
      • Burkina Faso
      • Cameroon
        • Cameroon: LGBT+
      • Capo Verde
      • Central African Republic (CAR)
      • Chad
      • Congo Kinshasa (DRC)
        • Patrice Lumumba
      • Djibouti (Eng)
      • Eritrea
      • Ethiopia
      • Gambia
      • Ghana
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Ghana)
        • Ghana: LGBT+
      • Guinea (Conakry)
      • Ivory Coast
      • Kenya
        • History (Kenya)
        • Kenya: WSF 2007
        • Left forces (Kenya)
        • LGBT+ (Kenya)
        • Women (Kenya)
      • Lesotho
      • Liberia
        • Liberia: LGBT+
      • Madagascar
      • Mali
        • Women (Mali)
        • History (Mali)
      • Mauritania
      • Mauritius
        • Women (Mauritius)
      • Mayotte
      • Mozambique
      • Namibia
      • Niger
        • Niger: Nuclear
      • Nigeria
        • Women (Nigeria)
        • Pandemics, epidemics (health, Nigeria)
      • Réunion
      • Rwanda
        • The genocide of the Tutsi in Rwanda
      • Senegal
        • Women (Senegal)
      • Seychelles
      • Sierra Leone
        • Sierra Leone: LGBT+
      • Somalia
        • Women (Somalia)
      • South Africa
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, South Africa)
        • On the Left (South Africa)
          • David Sanders
          • Nelson Mandela
        • Women (South Africa)
        • Culture (South Africa)
        • Ecology, Environment (South Africa)
        • Economy, social (South Africa)
        • History (Freedom Struggle and first years of ANC government) (South Africa)
          • Steve Biko
        • Institutions, laws (South Africa)
        • Labour, community protests (South Africa)
          • Cosatu (South Africa)
          • SAFTU (South Africa)
        • Land reform and rural issues (South Africa)
        • Students (South Africa)
      • South Sudan
        • Ecology (South Sudan)
      • Sudan
        • Women (Sudan)
      • Tanzania
      • Uganda
        • Uganda: LGBT
      • Zambia
      • Zimbabwe
        • Women (Zimbabwe)
    • Americas
      • Ecology (Latin America)
      • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Latin America)
      • History (Latin America)
      • Indigenous People (Latin America)
      • Latin America (Latin America)
      • LGBT+ (Latin America)
      • Migrations (Latin America)
      • Women (Latin America)
      • Amazonia
      • Antilles / West Indies
      • Argentina
        • Diego Maradona
        • Economy (Argentina)
        • History (Argentina)
          • Daniel Pereyra
        • Women (Argentina)
          • Reproductive Rights (Women, Argentina)
      • Bahamas
        • Bahamas: Disasters
      • Bolivia
        • Women (Bolivia)
        • Orlando Gutiérrez
      • Brazil
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Brazil)
        • Women (Brazil)
        • Ecology (Brazil)
        • Economy (Brazil)
        • History (Brazil)
        • History of the Left (Brazil)
          • Marielle Franco
        • Indigenous People (Brazil)
        • Justice, freedoms (Brazil)
        • Labor (Brazil)
        • LGBT+ (Brazil)
        • Rural (Brazil)
        • World Cup, Olympics, social resistances (Brazil)
      • Canada & Quebec
        • Women (Canada & Quebec)
        • Ecology (Canada & Quebec)
        • Far Right / Extreme Right (Canada, Quebec)
        • Fundamentalism & secularism (Canada & Quebec)
        • Health (Canada & Québec)
          • Pandemics, epidemics (Health, Canada & Québec)
        • Indigenous People (Canada & Quebec)
        • LGBT+ (Canada & Quebec)
        • On the Left (Canada & Quebec)
          • Biographies (Left, Canada, Quebec)
            • Bernard Rioux
            • Ernest (‘Ernie’) Tate & Jess Mackenzie
            • Leo Panitch
            • Pierre Beaudet
      • Caribbean
      • Chile
        • Women (Chile)
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Chile)
        • History (Chile)
          • Marta Harnecker
          • Pinochet Dictatorship
          • Victor Jara
        • LGBT+ (Chile)
        • Natural Disasters (Chile)
      • Colombia
        • Women (Colombia)
          • Reproductive Rights (Columbia)
        • Pandemics, epidemics (Colombia, Health)
      • Costa Rica
      • Cuba
        • Women, gender (Cuba)
        • Ecology (Cuba)
        • Epidemics / Pandemics (health, Cuba)
        • History (Cuba)
          • Che Guevara
            • Che Guevara (obituary)
          • Cuban Revolution (History)
          • Fidel Castro
        • LGBT+ (Cuba)
      • Ecuador
        • Women (Ecuador)
        • Ecology (Ecuador)
        • Humanitarian Disasters (Ecuador)
      • El Salvador
        • Women (El Salvador)
        • El Salvador: Salvadorian Revolution and Counter-Revolution
      • Grenada
      • Guatemala
        • History (Guatemala)
        • Mining (Guatemala)
        • Women (Guatemala)
      • Guiana (French)
      • Haiti
        • Women (Haiti)
        • Haiti: History
        • Haiti: Natural Disasters
      • Honduras
        • Women (Honduras)
        • Berta Cáceres
        • Honduras: History
        • Honduras: LGBT+
        • Juan López (Honduras)
      • Jamaica
      • Mexico
        • Women (Mexico)
        • Disasters (Mexico)
        • Epidemics / Pandemics (health, Mexico)
        • History of people struggles (Mexico)
          • Rosario Ibarra
        • The Left (Mexico)
          • Adolfo Gilly
      • Nicaragua
        • Women (Nicaragua)
        • History (Nicaragua)
          • Fernando Cardenal
        • Nicaragua: Nicaraguan Revolution
      • Paraguay
        • Women (Paraguay)
      • Peru
        • Hugo Blanco
      • Puerto Rico
        • Disasters (Puerto Rico)
      • Uruguay
        • Women (Uruguay)
        • History (Uruguay)
        • Labour Movement (Uruguay)
      • USA
        • Women (USA)
          • History (Feminism, USA)
          • Reproductive Rights (Women, USA)
          • Violence (women, USA)
        • Disasters (USA)
        • Far Right, Religious Right (USA)
        • Health (USA)
          • Children (health)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, USA)
        • On the Left (USA)
          • Health (Left, USA)
          • History (Left)
          • Solidarity / Against the Current (USA)
          • The Democratic Socialists of America (DSA)
          • Biographies, History (Left, USA)
            • Frederic Jameson
            • History: SWP and before (USA)
            • Angela Davis
            • bell hooks (En)
            • C.L.R. James
            • Daniel Ellsberg
            • David Graeber
            • Ellen Meiksins Wood
            • Ellen Spence Poteet
            • Erik Olin Wright
            • Gabriel Kolko
            • Herbert Marcuse
            • Immanuel Wallerstein
            • James Cockcroft
            • John Lewis
            • Kai Nielsen
            • Larry Kramer
            • Malcolm X
            • Marshall Berman
            • Martin Luther King
            • Michael Lebowitz
            • Mike Davis
            • Norma Barzman
            • Richard Wright
        • Secularity, religion & politics
        • Social Struggles, labor (USA)
          • Epidemics / Pandemics (health, Social struggles, USA)
        • Agriculture (USA)
        • Donald Trump (USA)
        • Ecology (USA)
        • Economy, social (USA)
        • Education (USA)
        • Energy (USA)
        • Foreign Policy, Military, International Solidarity (USA)
        • History (USA)
          • Henry Kissinger
          • History of people’s struggles (USA)
          • Jimmy Carter
          • Trump, trumpism (USA)
        • Housing (USA)
        • Human Rights, police, justice (USA)
        • Human Rights: Guantanamo (USA)
        • Human Rights: Incarceration (USA)
        • Indian nations and indigenous groups (USA)
        • Institutions, political regime (USA)
        • LGBT+ (USA)
        • Migrant, refugee (USA)
        • Racism (USA)
          • Arabes (racism, USA)
          • Asians (racism, USA)
          • Blacks (racism, USA)
          • Jews (racism, USA)
        • Violences (USA)
      • Venezuela
        • Women (Venezuela)
        • Ecology (Venezuela)
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Venezuela)
    • Asia
      • Disasters (Asia)
      • Ecology (Asia)
      • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Asia)
      • History
      • Women (Asia)
      • Asia (Central, ex-USSR)
        • Kazakhstan
          • Women (Kazakhstan)
        • Kyrgyzstan
          • Women (Kyrgyzstan)
        • Tajikistan
        • Uzbekistan
      • Asia (East & North-East)
      • Asia (South, SAARC)
        • Ecology (South Asia)
          • Climate (ecology, South Asia)
        • Economy, debt (South Asia)
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, South Asia)
        • LGBT+ (South Asia)
        • Religious fundamentalism
        • Women (South Asia)
      • Asia (Southeast, ASEAN)
        • Health (South East Asia, ASEAN)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, South East Asia, ASEAN))
      • Asia economy & social
        • Epidemics / Pandemics (health, Asia)
      • Economy & Labour (Asia)
      • On the Left (Asia)
      • Afghanistan
        • Women, patriarchy, sharia (Afghanistan)
        • History, society (Afghanistan)
        • On the Left (Afghanistan)
      • Bangladesh
        • Health (Bangladesh)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Bangladesh)
        • Ecological Disasters, climate (Bangladesh)
        • Fundamentalism & secularism (Bangladesh)
        • The Left (Bangladesh)
        • Women (Bangladesh)
        • Economy (Bangladesh)
        • History (Bangladesh)
        • Human Rights (Bangladesh)
        • Indigenous People (Bangladesh)
        • Labour (Bangladesh)
          • Industrial Disasters (Bangladesh)
        • LGBT+ (Bangladesh)
        • Nuclear (Bangladesh)
        • Rohingya (refugee, Bangladesh)
        • Rural & Fisherfolk (Bangladesh)
      • Bhutan
        • LGT+ (Bhutan)
        • Women (Bhutan)
      • Brunei
        • Women, LGBT+, Sharia, (Brunei)
      • Burma / Myanmar
        • Arakan / Rakine (Burma)
          • Rohingyas (Burma/Myanmar)
        • Buddhism / Sanga
        • CSOs (Burma / Mynamar)
        • Economy (Burma/Myanmar)
        • Health (Burma / Myanmar)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Burma/Myanmar)
        • History (Burma/Myanmar)
          • History of struggles (Burma/Myanmar)
        • Labor (Burma/Myanmar)
        • Migrants (Burma/Myanmar)
        • Natural Disasters (Burma/Myanmar)
        • Women (Burma/Myanmar)
      • Cambodia
        • Women (Cambodia)
        • Epidemics / Pandemics (health, Cambodia)
        • History (Cambodia)
          • The Khmers rouges (Cambodia)
        • Labour / Labor (Cambodia)
        • Rural (Cambodia)
        • Urban (Cambodia)
      • China (PRC)
        • Health (China)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, China)
        • Political situation (China)
        • China Today
        • Global Rise (China)
          • Military expansion (China)
          • Silk Roads/OBOR/BRICS (China)
          • World Economy (China)
          • China & Africa
          • China & Europe
            • China and the Russian War in Ukraine
          • China & Japan
          • China & Latin America
          • China & MENA
          • China & North America
          • China & Russia
          • China & South Asia
          • China § Asia-Pacific
          • China, ASEAN & the South China Sea
          • China, Korea, & North-East Asia
        • On the Left (China)
        • Women (China)
        • China § Xinjiang/East Turkestan
        • Civil Society (China)
        • Demography (China)
        • Ecology and environment (China)
        • Economy, technology (China)
        • History (China)
          • History pre-XXth Century (China)
          • History XXth Century (China)
            • Beijing Summer Olympic Games 2008
            • Chinese Trotskyists
              • WANG Fanxi / Wang Fan-hsi
            • History: Transition to capitalism (China)
        • Human Rights, freedoms (China)
        • Labour and social struggles (China)
        • LGBT+ (China)
        • Religion & Churches (China)
        • Rural, agriculture (China)
        • Social Control, social credit (China)
        • Social Protection (China)
        • Sport and politics (China)
          • Beijing Olympic Games
      • China: Hong Kong SAR
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Hong Kong)
        • History (Hong Kong)
        • LGBT+ (Hong Kong)
        • Migrants (Hong Kong)
      • China: Macao SAR
      • East Timor
        • East Timor: News Updates
      • India
        • Political situation (India)
        • Caste, Dalits & Adivasis (India)
          • Adivasi, Tribes (India)
          • Dalits & Other Backward Castes (OBC) (India)
        • Fundamentalism, communalism, extreme right, secularism (India)
        • Health (India)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, India)
        • North-East (India)
        • The Left (India)
          • MN Roy
          • Stan Swamy (India)
          • The Left: ML Updates (DISCONTINUED) (India)
          • Trupti Shah (obituary) (India)
        • Women (India)
        • Antiwar & nuclear (India)
        • Digital Rights (India)
        • Ecology & Industrial Disasters (India)
        • Economy & Globalisation (India)
        • Energy, nuclear (India)
        • History (up to 1947) (India)
          • Baghat Singh (India)
          • Gandhi
        • History after 1947 (India)
        • Human Rights & Freedoms (India)
        • International Relations (India)
        • Labor, wage earners, TUs (India)
        • LGBT+ (India)
        • Military (India)
        • Narmada (India)
        • Natural Disaster (India)
        • Refugees (India)
        • Regional Politics (South Asia) (India)
        • Rural & fisherfolk (India)
        • Social Forums (India)
        • Social Protection (India)
        • Urban (India)
      • Indonesia & West Papua
        • Epidemics / Pandemics (health, Indonesia)
        • Papua (Indonesia)
          • Pandemics, epidemics (health, West Papua)
        • The Left (Indonesia)
        • Women (Indonesia)
        • Common Goods (Indonesia)
        • Ecology (Indonesia)
        • Economy (Indonesia)
        • Fundamentalism, sharia, religion (Indonesia)
        • History before 1965 (Indonesia)
        • History from 1945 (Indonesia)
          • Tan Malaka
        • History: 1965 and after (Indonesia)
        • Human Rights (Indonesia)
          • MUNIR Said Thalib (Indonesia)
        • Indigenous People (Indonesia)
        • Indonesia / East Timor News Digests DISCONTINUED
          • Indonesia Roundup DISCONTINUED
        • Labor, urban poor (Indonesia)
          • History (labour, Indonesia)
        • LGBT+ (Indonesia)
        • Natural Disaster (Indonesia)
        • Rural & fisherfolk (Indonesia)
        • Student, youth (Indonesia)
      • Japan
        • Political situation (Japan)
        • Health (Japan)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Japan)
        • Okinawa (Japan)
        • Women (Japan)
        • Anti-war movement (Japan)
        • Disasters (Japan)
        • Ecology (Japan)
        • Economy (Japan)
        • Energy, nuclear (Japan)
          • History (nuclear, Japan)
        • Extreme right, fascism (Japan)
        • History (Japan)
          • History of people’s struggles (Japan)
        • Human Rights (Japan)
        • Institutions (Japan)
        • International Relations (Japan)
        • Labor & TUs (Japan)
        • LGBT+ (Japan)
        • Migrants (Japan)
        • Military, Nuclear weapon (Japan)
        • On the Left (Japan)
          • JCP (the Left, Japan)
          • JRCL (the Left, Japan)
            • Yoshichi Sakai
        • Racism (Japan)
        • Tokyo Olympics
        • Underworld (Japan)
      • Kashmir (India, Pakistan)
        • Kashmir: Pakistan
        • Kashmir: K&J, India
      • Korea
        • Antiwar, military bases (Korea)
        • History (Korea)
        • Korean Crisis (Geopolitics)
        • North Korea
          • Pandemics, epidemics (North Korea)
        • South Korea
          • Epidemics (health, South Korea)
          • Women (South Korea)
          • Ecology, common goods (South Korea)
          • Free Trade, FTA & WTO (South Korea)
          • Labor & co. (South Korea)
          • LGBTQ+ (South Korea)
          • Migrant (South Korea)
          • Nuclear (South Korea)
          • Rural & fisherfolk (South Korea)
          • The Left (South Korea)
      • Laos
        • Sombath Somephone
      • Malaysia
        • Women, family (Malaysia)
        • Clean elections, clean government! (Malaysia)
        • Ecology (Malaysia)
        • Health ( Malaysia)
          • Malaysia: Epidemics, pandemics (health, Malaysia)
        • History (Malaysia)
        • Labor, TUs & people’s movements (Malaysia)
        • LGBT+ (Malaysia)
        • Malaysian international solidarity initiatives
        • Migrant, Refugee (Malaysia)
        • Religion, law, fundamentalism (Malaysia)
        • The Left (Malaysia)
          • The Left: PSM (Malaysia)
      • Maldives
      • Mongolia
      • Nepal
        • Women (Nepal)
        • Background articles (Nepal)
        • Ecology, Climate (Nepal)
        • Humanitarian Disasters (Nepal)
        • Rural (Nepal)
      • Pakistan
        • Balochistan (Pakistan)
        • Gilgit Baltistan (Pakistan)
          • Baba Jan (Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan)
        • Health (Pakistan)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Pakistan)
        • Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (NWFP - Pakistan)
        • Women (Pakistan)
          • Women & Labor (Pakistan)
          • Women, fundamentalism (Pakistan)
        • China & CPEC (Pakistan)
        • Ecology, Nuclear (Pakistan)
        • Economy (Pakistan)
        • Fundamentalism, Taliban (Pakistan)
        • History (Pakistan)
        • Human Rights & religious violence (Pakistan)
        • Human Rights (Pakistan)
        • Labor & TUs (Pakistan)
        • LGBT+ (Pakistan)
        • Migration (Pakistan)
        • Natural and Humanitarian Disasters (Pakistan)
        • Nuclear Capabilities (Pakistan)
        • Nuclear, antiwar, solidarity (Pakistan)
        • Regional Politics (Pakistan)
        • Rural & fisherfolk (Pakistan)
        • Social Forum (Pakistan)
        • Student, youth (Pakistan)
        • The Left (Pakistan)
          • AWP (The Left, Pakistan)
          • Haqooq-E-Khalq Party (HKP) (The Left, Pakistan)
          • Karamat Ali
          • Lal Khan
          • LPP (The Left, Pakistan)
          • The Struggle (The Left, Pakistan)
        • Urban (Pakistan)
      • Philippines
        • Political Situation
        • Health (Philippines)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Philippines)
        • Mindanao (Philippines)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Mindanao)
          • Bangsamoro Political Entity (Mindanao)
            • Moros Movements (history, Mindanao)
          • Clans & violence (Mindanao)
          • Climate (Mindanao)
          • Economy, social (Mindanao)
          • Humanitarian Disasters (Mindanao)
          • Lumad (Mindanao)
          • Peace process (Mindanao)
          • Secular, Politics & Churches (Mindanao)
        • The Left (Philippines)
          • CPP (killings) (Philippines)
          • CPP (Purges) (Philippines)
          • History (The Left, Philippines)
          • Peace process (Philippines)
          • Persons (the Left, Philippines)
            • Aileen San Pablo Baviera
            • Armando J. Malay
            • Benito and Wilma Tiamzon
            • Carlos Bulosan
            • Celia Mariano Pomeroy
            • Emmanuel “Noel” S. de Dios
            • Francisco “Dodong” Nemenzo
            • Hannah Jay Cesista
            • Jose Maria Sison
            • Lean Alejandro
            • Margaret Schirmer
            • Max de Mesa
            • Nathan Quimpo
            • Patricio N. Abinales
            • Popoy Lagman
            • R. « Sonny » Mesina, Jr.
            • Randolf “Randy” S. David
            • Ruben
            • Tripon/Zandro/Jojo
            • Walden Bello
          • The Left and self-determination (Mindanao)
        • Women (Philippines)
          • History (women, Philippines)
          • Prostitution (Philippines)
          • Reproductive Rights (Philippines)
          • Solidarity (women)
        • Antiwar, International Solidarity (Philippines)
        • Debt, poverty, Common Goods (Philippines)
        • Disasters (Philippines)
        • Ecology (Philippines)
        • Economy & trade, social (Philippines)
        • Education (Philippines)
        • Geopolitics and international relations (Philippines)
        • History, society, culture (Philippines)
          • Rodrigo Duterte
        • Human Rights (Philippines)
        • Indigenous Peoples (Philippines)
        • Labor (Philippines)
          • Migrant, Migration (labor, Philippines)
        • LGBT+ (Philippines)
        • Military policy (Philippines)
        • Nuclear (Philippines)
        • Rural (Philippines)
        • Urban (Philippines)
      • Singapore
        • Epidemics / Pandemics (Singapore, health)
        • LGBT+ (Singapore)
        • Migrant workers (Singapore)
      • Sri Lanka
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Sri Lanka)
        • The left (Sri Lanka)
          • History (The Left, Sri Lanka)
            • Bala Tampoe
            • JVP and Rohana Wijeweera (Sri Lanka)
            • Linus Jayatilake
            • Santasilan Kadirgamar
            • Upali Cooray
          • Left Voice / Wame Handa (The Left, Sri Lanka)
          • NSSP-NLF (The Left, Sri Lanka)
          • Socialist People’s Forum (Samajawadi Janatha Sansadaya)
          • Working People Party (Sri Lanka)
        • Women (Sri Lanka)
        • Aid, humanitarian crisis (Sri Lanka)
        • Economy (Sri Lanka)
        • Fundamentalism, Religious violences (Sri Lanka)
        • History (Sri Lanka)
          • History (after independence, Sri Lanka)
          • History (Ceylon before independence)
        • Labor & TUs (Sri Lanka)
        • LGBT+ (Sri Lanka)
        • Muslims (Sri Lanka)
        • Rural (Sri Lanka)
        • Tamils (Sri Lanka)
      • Taiwan
        • Epidemics / Pandemics (health, Taiwan)
        • History (Taiwan)
        • International Relations (Taiwan)
        • International Solidarity (Taiwan)
        • Labor / Labour (Taiwan)
        • LGBT+ (Taiwan)
        • Migrants (Taiwan)
        • Military (Taiwan)
        • Regional Tensions (Taiwan)
        • Society (Taiwan)
        • The Left (Taiwan)
        • Women (Taiwan)
      • Thailand
        • Health (Thailand)
          • Pandemics (health, Thailand)
        • On the Left (Thailand)
        • Regime, society (Thailand)
        • Women (Thailand)
        • Culture, society (Thailand)
        • Deep South (Thailand)
        • Disasters (Thailand)
        • Ecology, climate (Thailand)
        • Economy (Thailand)
        • Géopolitics (Regional) (Thailand)
        • History (Thailand)
          • History of people’s struggles (Thailand)
        • Human Rights, law, justice (Thailand)
        • Labor (Thailand)
        • LGBT+ (Thailand)
        • Migrants, refugees (Thailand)
        • Rural (Thailand)
      • Tibet
      • Vietnam & Indochina
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Vietnam)
        • Human Rights & Freedoms (Vietnam)
        • Women (Vietnam)
        • Chemical War, Agent Orange (Vietnam & Indochina)
        • Ecology (Vietnam)
        • Géopolitics (regional) (Vietnam)
        • History and debates (Vietnam & Indochina)
        • In the capitalist transition (Vietnam)
        • LGBT+ (Vietnam)
        • Rural (Vietnam)
        • Social Movements, Labour (Vietnam)
        • The solidarity movements (Vietnam & Indochina)
    • Europe, Great Britain
      • European Geopolitics
      • European Union
        • Catalonia crisis (EU)
        • Constitution, history & crisis (EU)
        • Countries (EU & co.)
          • Health (countries, EU)
            • Epidemics, pandemics (health, EU)
          • Ecology, environment (countries, EU)
          • LGBT+ (countries, Europe)
          • Racism, xenophobia (countries, EU)
            • Mammadou Ba
        • Health (EU)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, EU)
        • Institutions, regime (EU)
        • Agriculture (EU)
          • GMO (EU)
        • Economy, social (EU)
        • Education & youth (EU)
        • Energy, nuclear (EU)
        • Environment (EU)
          • Biodiversity (EU)
          • Climate (EU)
        • External Relations (EU)
          • Europe-Africa Relations (EU)
          • Europe-Asia Relations (EU)
          • Europe-Latin America relations (EU)
          • Europe-Mediterranean Relations (EU)
            • Palestine-Israel (international relations, EU)
          • Europe-North America Relations (EU)
        • Housing (EU)
        • LGBT+ (EU)
        • Migration (EU)
        • Military (EU)
        • Public Services (EU)
        • Transport (EU)
      • Which Europe?
      • Women (Europe)
        • Debt (women, Europe)
        • History (women, Europe)
        • Reproductive Rights (Europe)
        • Violence against women (Europe)
        • Women & work (Europe)
      • Fascism, extreme right, fundamentalism (Europe)
      • History (modern) (Europe)
        • History of people’s struggles (Europe)
      • History (pre-modern) (Europe)
      • Migrants, refugees (Europe)
      • On the Left (Europe)
        • Left, epidemics, health (Europe)
        • EACL, European conferences
        • History of the Left (Europe, out of France and Britain)
          • Antonio Gramsci
          • Franz Kafka
          • Görgy Lukács
          • Henk Sneevliet
          • István Mészáros
          • James Connolly
          • Maarten van Dullemen
          • Marijke Colle
          • Miguel “Moro” Romero
          • Mimis Livieratos
          • Pablo (Michel Raptis)
          • Paul Levi
          • Peter Waterman
          • Petr Uhl
          • Primo Levi
          • Ralph Miliband (1924 – 1994)
          • Rosa Luxemburg
            • Rosa Luxemburg (obituary)
          • Rossana Rossanda
          • Sergio D’Amia
          • Troglo – José Ramón Castaños Umaran
          • Victor Serge
          • Walter Benjamin
          • Winfried Wolf
        • Project K (Europe)
        • The European Left Party (Europe)
      • Racism, Xenophobia (Europe)
      • Religion, churches, secularity (Europe)
      • Social movements, labour (Europe)
        • Car Industry (Europe)
        • Cost of living crisis (Europe)
        • Housing (Europe)
        • Pensions (Europe)
      • War and militarism
      • Balkans
        • Women (Balkans)
        • Balkans: Yugoslav Crisis in the 1990s
      • Eastern Europe & Russian Federation
        • Economy (Eastern Europe)
        • Belarus / Belarusia
        • Moldava
        • Russia
          • Social and labour resistance in Russia
          • Alexi Navalny
          • Anti-War Resistance (Russia)
          • Economy
          • LGBT+ (Russia)
          • North Caucasus (Russia)
          • Nuclear (weapon, Russia)
          • On the left (Russia)
            • Esteban Volkov
          • Women (Russia)
        • Tatarstan
        • Ukraine
          • Environment (Ukraine)
          • Far right (Ukraine)
          • History (Ukraine)
          • Labour (Ukraine)
          • LGBT+ (Ukraine)
          • Nuclear Energy (Ukraine)
          • On the left (Ukraine)
            • Mark Boytsun / Marko Bojcun
            • Yuriy Lebedev
          • Racism, xenophobia (Ukraine)
          • Women (Ukraine)
        • USSR, Soviet Bloc, Russian Empire (history)
          • History (Russian Empire, USSR)
            • Russian Revolution
              • Clara Zetkin
              • Lenin
              • Leon Trotsky
                • Leon Trotsky (obituary)
              • Sultan Galiev
          • Transition to capitalism in USSR and Eastern Europe
          • Women (Soviet Bloc)
      • France
        • Political situation and debates (France)
        • Health (France)
          • Epidemics, pandemics, (health, France)
        • The Left (France)
          • History of the Left (France)
            • Alain Badiou
            • Alain Krivine
            • Claude Jacquin, Claude Gabriel
            • Daniel Bensaïd
              • Daniel Bensaïd (obituary)
            • David Rousset
            • Enzo Traverso
            • Gérard Chaouat
            • Gisèle Halimi
            • Jean-Michel Krivine
            • Louis Althusser
            • Michel Husson
            • Michel Lequenne
            • Pierre Granet
            • Pierre Rousset
            • Roland Lew
        • Agriculture, rural (France)
        • Andorre
        • Ecology (France)
          • Energy (France)
          • Nuclear (France)
        • Ecology: Parc des Beaumonts (France)
          • France: Ornithology: from elsewhere
          • France: Ornithology: log
          • France: Ornithology: reports
        • Education (France)
        • Far Rigth, Extreme Right (France)
        • French Imperialism, international relations (France)
          • Armament, nuclear (France)
          • France & the Middle-East & Mediterranean
          • France: France-Asia & Pacific Relations
          • Franco-African Relations (France)
          • Relations France – LA/Carribean (France)
        • History & Memory (France)
        • Human Rights Freedoms (France)
          • Terrorism (Human Rights, France)
        • LGBT+ (France)
        • Migrant, Refugee, Migration (France)
        • Military (France)
        • Olympics 2024 (France)
        • Political regime, parties, ideologies (France)
        • Racism (France)
        • Social Movements, economy and labor (France)
        • Social Protections (France)
          • Retirement (Social Protections, France)
        • Women (France)
          • Violences against women (France)
      • Great Britain & Northern Ireland (Europe)
        • Health (UK)
          • Epidemics (health, UK)
        • North of Ireland (UK)
        • Scotland
          • Epidemics / Pandemics (health, Scotland)
          • LGBT+ (Scotland)
        • Wales / Cymru
        • Women (UK)
          • Reproductive Rights (Britain)
        • Brexit (UK)
        • British Capitalism, economy
        • Education (UK)
        • Environment, Ecology (UK)
          • Biodiversity (Ecology, Britain)
        • Extreme right / Fascism (Britain)
        • History (UK)
        • Human Rights and Freedoms (Britain)
        • LGBT+ (UK)
        • Media (UK)
        • Migrants - refugees, racism (UK)
        • Monarchy (UK)
        • On the Left (UK)
          • Benedict Anderson
          • Eric Hobsbawm
          • John Molyneux
          • Mick Gosling
          • Neil Davidson
          • Neil Faulkner
          • Norman Geras
          • Peter Gowan
          • Sheila Rowbotham
          • Sylvia Pankhurst
        • Racism, xenophobia (UK)
          • Blacks / Black people/African diaspora (UK)
          • Chinese (UK)
          • Jew (UK)
          • Muslims (Racism, Britain)
        • Secularism (UK)
        • Social and labour movements
      • Humanitarian Disasters (Europe)
      • South Caucasus (Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Karabakh)
        • Armenia
        • Azerbaijan
        • Georgia
        • South Caucasus: Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
      • Turkey
        • Kurdistan (Turkey)
        • Women (Turkey)
        • Economy, social (Turkey)
        • History, society (Turkey)
        • Islamism (Turkey)
        • LGBT+ (Turkey)
        • Migrants (Turkey)
        • Natural / Humanitarian Disasters (Turkey)
        • The Left (Turkey)
    • Middle East & N. Africa
      • The region (MENA)
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, MENA)
      • Women (MENA)
      • Ecology (MENA)
      • Labour (MENA)
      • LGBT+ (MENA)
      • Algeria
        • Women (Algeria)
        • Ecology, Environment (Algeria)
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Algeria)
        • History (Algeria)
          • History: 1945-1962 (Algeria)
          • History: post-1962 (Algeria)
      • Bahrain
      • Egypt
        • Women (Egypt)
        • COP27 (Egypt)
        • Economy (Egypt)
        • Fundamentalism, secular (Egypt)
        • History (Egypt)
        • Human Rights (Egypt)
        • Labor (Egypt)
        • LGBT+ (Egypt)
        • Muslim Brotherhood, Islamism (Egypt)
        • On the Left (Egypt)
          • Nawal El-Saadawi
          • Samir Amin
        • Palestine § Palestinians (Egypt)
      • Iran
        • Women (Iran)
        • “Khiaban” and other bulletins (Iran)
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Iran)
        • History (Iran)
          • History of people’s struggles (Iran)
          • History, society, regime (Iran)
        • LGBT + (Iran)
        • Religion, secular (Iran)
      • Iraq
        • Women (Iraq)
        • Kurdistan in Iraq
        • LGBT+ (Iraq)
        • The Left (Iraq)
      • Jordan
        • Women (Jordan)
        • Education Sector (Jordan)
      • Kuwait
      • Lebanon
        • Women (Lebanon)
        • Hezbollah (Lebanon)
        • Industrial Disasters
        • Labour (Lebanon)
        • LGBT (Lebanon)
        • Mahdi Amel / Hassan Hamdan
      • Libya
        • Women (Libya)
        • Humanitarian / Natural Disasters (Libya)
        • Libya: LGBT+
        • Libya: Society, history
      • Morocco & Western Sahara
        • Western Sahara
        • Women (Morocco)
        • Ecology (Morocco)
        • Human Rights and Freedoms (Morocco)
        • Humanitarian / Natural Disasters
        • Left forces (Morocco)
        • Rural (Morocco)
        • Society, economy, history (Morocco)
      • Oman
      • Palestine & Israel
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Palestine & Israel)
        • Women (Palestine & Israel)
        • Economy (Palestine & Israel)
        • Fundamentalism (Palestine & Israel)
        • History (Palestine & Israel)
        • Human Rights (Palestine & Israel)
        • Labor, social movements (Palestine & Israel)
        • LGBT+ (Palestine & Israel)
        • Media (Israel)
        • Military, nuclear (Israel)
        • Movements, Left forces, solidarities (Palestine)
          • +972 Magazine and Local Call
          • Anti-war (Israel)
            • Conscientious Objector / Refusers / Refuseniks
          • B’Tslemen
          • Boycott, Disinvestment, Sanctions: Solidarity (Palestine & Israel)
          • Emek Shaveh
          • Jenin Freedom Theatre
          • Left (Palestine, Israel)
            • Saadia Marziano
            • Abdul Wahab
            • Ayşenur Ezgi Eygi
            • Juliano Mer-Khamis
            • Khalil Abu Yahia
            • Moshé Machover
            • Reuven Kaminer
            • Tamar Pelleg-Sryck
            • Tanya Reinhart
            • Uri Avnery
            • Vittorio Arrigoni
            • Vivian Silver
          • Matzpen
          • Physicians for Human Rights – Israel (PHRI)
          • Radical bloc (Israel)
          • Refaat Alareer
          • Standing Together (Israel)
          • Walid Daqqa
        • Palestinian movements (others)
          • Hamas (Palestine)
        • Palestinian movements (previous period) (Palestine & Israel)
        • Secret services
        • Society (Palestine & Israel)
      • Qatar (Eng)
        • Football World Cup (Qatar)
        • Migrants (Qatar)
      • Saudi Arabia
        • Women (Saudi Arabia)
        • Fundamentalism, sharia (Saudi Arabia)
        • Migrants (Saudi Arabia)
        • Society, history ( (Saudi Arabia))
      • Somalia
      • Syria
        • Kurdistan (Syria)
        • Pandemics (Health, Syria)
        • Women (Syria)
        • Economy (Syria)
        • History, society, culture (Syria)
        • International left (Syria)
        • Natural disasters (Syria)
        • Secularity (Syria)
        • The Left (Syria)
          • Munif Mulhem
          • Revolutionary Left (Syria)
          • Riad al-Turk (Syria)
      • Tunisia
        • Women (Tunisia)
        • Economy (Tunisia)
        • Ennahdha, Islamism (Tunisia)
        • LGBTQ+ (Tunisia)
        • Migration, racism (Tunisia)
        • On the Left (Tunisia)
          • Ahlem Belhadj
      • United Arab Emirates
      • Yemen
        • Women (Yemen)
        • LGBTQ+ (Yemen)
    • Polar Regions
      • Antarctica
        • Women (Antartica)
      • Arctic
    • South Pacific
      • Epidemics, Pandemics (health, South Pacific)
      • Australia
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Australia)
        • Women, (Australia)
          • Reproductive Rights (Australia)
        • Disasters - Humanitarian and ecological (Australia)
        • History (Australia)
        • History of people’s struggles (Australia)
        • LGBT+ (Australia)
        • Migrant / Migration (Australia)
        • Racism (Australia)
        • Regional Role (Australia)
      • Easter Island
      • Fiji
      • Hawaii
        • Natural Disasters (Hawaii)
      • Kanaky / New Caledonia
      • Marshall Islands (inc. Bikini Atoll)
      • Micronesia
        • Guam
      • Nauru
      • New Zealand / Aotearoa
        • Women (New Zealand/Aotearoa)
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, New Zeland)
        • New Zealand/Aotearoa: Racism
      • Papua New Guinea
        • Papua New Guinea: Epidemics, pandemics (health)
      • Polynesia (French)
      • Solomon Islands
      • Tonga
      • Vanuatu
  • Home
  • Autres/Others
  • English
  • Français
  • Home
  • English
  • Europe, Great Britain

Europe, Great Britain

All the versions of this section : [English] [français]

Latest update : 10 January.

Subsections (clic to expland)

20 sub-section
6710 Articles

  • European Geopolitics
  • European Union
    • Catalonia crisis (EU)
    • Constitution, history & crisis (EU)
    • Countries (EU & co.)
      • Health (countries, EU)
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, EU)
      • Ecology, environment (countries, EU)
      • LGBT+ (countries, Europe)
      • Racism, xenophobia (countries, EU)
        • Mammadou Ba
    • Health (EU)
      • Epidemics, pandemics (health, EU)
    • Institutions, regime (EU)
    • Agriculture (EU)
      • GMO (EU)
    • Economy, social (EU)
    • Education & youth (EU)
    • Energy, nuclear (EU)
    • Environment (EU)
      • Biodiversity (EU)
      • Climate (EU)
    • External Relations (EU)
      • Europe-Africa Relations (EU)
      • Europe-Asia Relations (EU)
      • Europe-Latin America relations (EU)
      • Europe-Mediterranean Relations (EU)
        • Palestine-Israel (international relations, EU)
      • Europe-North America Relations (EU)
    • Housing (EU)
    • LGBT+ (EU)
    • Migration (EU)
    • Military (EU)
    • Public Services (EU)
    • Transport (EU)
  • Which Europe?
  • Women (Europe)
    • Debt (women, Europe)
    • History (women, Europe)
    • Reproductive Rights (Europe)
    • Violence against women (Europe)
    • Women & work (Europe)
  • Fascism, extreme right, fundamentalism (Europe)
  • History (modern) (Europe)
    • History of people’s struggles (Europe)
  • History (pre-modern) (Europe)
  • Migrants, refugees (Europe)
  • On the Left (Europe)
    • Left, epidemics, health (Europe)
    • EACL, European conferences
    • History of the Left (Europe, out of France and Britain)
      • Antonio Gramsci
      • Franz Kafka
      • Görgy Lukács
      • Henk Sneevliet
      • István Mészáros
      • James Connolly
      • Maarten van Dullemen
      • Marijke Colle
      • Miguel “Moro” Romero
      • Mimis Livieratos
      • Pablo (Michel Raptis)
      • Paul Levi
      • Peter Waterman
      • Petr Uhl
      • Primo Levi
      • Ralph Miliband (1924 – 1994)
      • Rosa Luxemburg
        • Rosa Luxemburg (obituary)
      • Rossana Rossanda
      • Sergio D’Amia
      • Troglo – José Ramón Castaños Umaran
      • Victor Serge
      • Walter Benjamin
      • Winfried Wolf
    • Project K (Europe)
    • The European Left Party (Europe)
  • Racism, Xenophobia (Europe)
  • Religion, churches, secularity (Europe)
  • Social movements, labour (Europe)
    • Car Industry (Europe)
    • Cost of living crisis (Europe)
    • Housing (Europe)
    • Pensions (Europe)
  • War and militarism
  • Balkans
    • Women (Balkans)
    • Balkans: Yugoslav Crisis in the 1990s
  • Eastern Europe & Russian Federation
    • Economy (Eastern Europe)
    • Belarus / Belarusia
    • Moldava
    • Russia
      • Social and labour resistance in Russia
      • Alexi Navalny
      • Anti-War Resistance (Russia)
      • Economy
      • LGBT+ (Russia)
      • North Caucasus (Russia)
      • Nuclear (weapon, Russia)
      • On the left (Russia)
        • Esteban Volkov
      • Women (Russia)
    • Tatarstan
    • Ukraine
      • Environment (Ukraine)
      • Far right (Ukraine)
      • History (Ukraine)
      • Labour (Ukraine)
      • LGBT+ (Ukraine)
      • Nuclear Energy (Ukraine)
      • On the left (Ukraine)
        • Mark Boytsun / Marko Bojcun
        • Yuriy Lebedev
      • Racism, xenophobia (Ukraine)
      • Women (Ukraine)
    • USSR, Soviet Bloc, Russian Empire (history)
      • History (Russian Empire, USSR)
        • Russian Revolution
          • Clara Zetkin
          • Lenin
          • Leon Trotsky
            • Leon Trotsky (obituary)
          • Sultan Galiev
      • Transition to capitalism in USSR and Eastern Europe
      • Women (Soviet Bloc)
  • France
    • Political situation and debates (France)
    • Health (France)
      • Epidemics, pandemics, (health, France)
    • The Left (France)
      • History of the Left (France)
        • Alain Badiou
        • Alain Krivine
        • Claude Jacquin, Claude Gabriel
        • Daniel Bensaïd
          • Daniel Bensaïd (obituary)
        • David Rousset
        • Enzo Traverso
        • Gérard Chaouat
        • Gisèle Halimi
        • Jean-Michel Krivine
        • Louis Althusser
        • Michel Husson
        • Michel Lequenne
        • Pierre Granet
        • Pierre Rousset
        • Roland Lew
    • Agriculture, rural (France)
    • Andorre
    • Ecology (France)
      • Energy (France)
      • Nuclear (France)
    • Ecology: Parc des Beaumonts (France)
      • France: Ornithology: from elsewhere
      • France: Ornithology: log
      • France: Ornithology: reports
    • Education (France)
    • Far Rigth, Extreme Right (France)
    • French Imperialism, international relations (France)
      • Armament, nuclear (France)
      • France & the Middle-East & Mediterranean
      • France: France-Asia & Pacific Relations
      • Franco-African Relations (France)
      • Relations France – LA/Carribean (France)
    • History & Memory (France)
    • Human Rights Freedoms (France)
      • Terrorism (Human Rights, France)
    • LGBT+ (France)
    • Migrant, Refugee, Migration (France)
    • Military (France)
    • Olympics 2024 (France)
    • Political regime, parties, ideologies (France)
    • Racism (France)
    • Social Movements, economy and labor (France)
    • Social Protections (France)
      • Retirement (Social Protections, France)
    • Women (France)
      • Violences against women (France)
  • Great Britain & Northern Ireland (Europe)
    • Health (UK)
      • Epidemics (health, UK)
    • North of Ireland (UK)
    • Scotland
      • Epidemics / Pandemics (health, Scotland)
      • LGBT+ (Scotland)
    • Wales / Cymru
    • Women (UK)
      • Reproductive Rights (Britain)
    • Brexit (UK)
    • British Capitalism, economy
    • Education (UK)
    • Environment, Ecology (UK)
      • Biodiversity (Ecology, Britain)
    • Extreme right / Fascism (Britain)
    • History (UK)
    • Human Rights and Freedoms (Britain)
    • LGBT+ (UK)
    • Media (UK)
    • Migrants - refugees, racism (UK)
    • Monarchy (UK)
    • On the Left (UK)
      • Benedict Anderson
      • Eric Hobsbawm
      • John Molyneux
      • Mick Gosling
      • Neil Davidson
      • Neil Faulkner
      • Norman Geras
      • Peter Gowan
      • Sheila Rowbotham
      • Sylvia Pankhurst
    • Racism, xenophobia (UK)
      • Blacks / Black people/African diaspora (UK)
      • Chinese (UK)
      • Jew (UK)
      • Muslims (Racism, Britain)
    • Secularism (UK)
    • Social and labour movements
  • Humanitarian Disasters (Europe)
  • South Caucasus (Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Karabakh)
    • Armenia
    • Azerbaijan
    • Georgia
    • South Caucasus: Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
  • Turkey
    • Kurdistan (Turkey)
    • Women (Turkey)
    • Economy, social (Turkey)
    • History, society (Turkey)
    • Islamism (Turkey)
    • LGBT+ (Turkey)
    • Migrants (Turkey)
    • Natural / Humanitarian Disasters (Turkey)
    • The Left (Turkey)

Articles in this section

  • 1
  • ...
  • 6620
  • 6640
  • 6660
  • 6680
  • ...
  • 336
  • History (Ukraine)
    Ukraine: Co-operative movement

    January 1984, by HOLUBNYCHY Vsevolod, VYTANOVYCH Illia

    Co-operative movement (кооперація; kooperatsiia). Co-operative associations are based on the ideas of economic co-operation and mutualism. By participating in a co-operative enterprise the members seek either to minimize their costs or to maximize their profits. The main features of co-operative (…)

  • Countries (EU & co.)
    Britain - 1984 National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) Conference Speech

    1984, by SCARGILL Arthur

    Below is the text of the speech made by Arthur Scargill, the then General Secretary of the National Union of Mineworkers, to the 1984 NUM Conference.
    Fellow members, this Presidential Address has been completed within the last 24 hours, and obviously I have tried to take account of all the (…)

  • Russian Revolution
    On the Russian Revolution: The Petrograd Workers and the Fall of the Old Régime – I – Intro to chapter two

    1 June 1983, by MANDEL David

    An electronic edition realised for the collection “Les classiques des sciences sociales” (Cégep, Chicoutimi) from David Mandel’s The Petrograd workers and the Fall of the Old Régime. From the February Revolution to the July Days, 1917. London: MACMILLAN, Macmillan Academic and Professional Ltd., (…)

  • Russian Revolution
    On the Russian Revolution: The Petrograd Workers and the Fall of the Old Régime – II – Chapter Three

    1 June 1983, by MANDEL David

    This study is posted online on ESSF in seven parts:
    First part: On the Russian Revolution: The Petrograd Workers and the Fall of the Old Régime – I – Intro to chapter two
    Third part: On the Russian Revolution: The Petrograd Workers and the Fall of the Old Régime – III – Chapter Four
    Fourth (…)

  • Russian Revolution
    On the Russian Revolution: The Petrograd Workers and the Fall of the Old Régime – III – Chapter Four

    1 June 1983, by MANDEL David

    This study is posted online on ESSF in seven parts:
    First part: On the Russian Revolution: The Petrograd Workers and the Fall of the Old Régime – I – Intro to chapter two
    Second part: On the Russian Revolution: The Petrograd Workers and the Fall of the Old Régime – II – Chapter Three (…)

  • Russian Revolution
    On the Russian Revolution : The Petrograd Workers and the Fall of the Old Régime – IV – Chapter Five

    1 June 1983, by MANDEL David

    This study is posted online on ESSF in seven parts:
    First part: On the Russian Revolution: The Petrograd Workers and the Fall of the Old Régime – I – Intro to chapter two
    Second part: On the Russian Revolution: The Petrograd Workers and the Fall of the Old Régime – II – Chapter Three
    Third (…)

  • Russian Revolution
    On the Russian Revolution : The Petrograd Workers and the Fall of the Old Régime – VI – Chapters Seven & Eight

    1 June 1983, by MANDEL David

    This study is posted online on ESSF in seven parts:
    First part: On the Russian Revolution: The Petrograd Workers and the Fall of the Old Régime – I – Intro to chapter two
    Second part: On the Russian Revolution: The Petrograd Workers and the Fall of the Old Régime – II – Chapter Three
    Third (…)

  • Russian Revolution
    On the Russian Revolution : The Petrograd Workers and the Fall of the Old Régime – V – Chapter Six

    1 June 1983, by MANDEL David

    This study is posted online on ESSF in seven parts:
    First part: On the Russian Revolution: The Petrograd Workers and the Fall of the Old Régime – I – Intro to chapter two
    Second part: On the Russian Revolution: The Petrograd Workers and the Fall of the Old Régime – II – Chapter Three
    Third (…)

  • Russian Revolution
    On the Russian Revolution : The Petrograd Workers and the Fall of the Old Régime – VII – Conclusion & Bibliography

    1 June 1983, by MANDEL David

    This study is posted online on ESSF in seven parts:
    First part: On the Russian Revolution: The Petrograd Workers and the Fall of the Old Régime – I – Intro to chapter two
    Second part: On the Russian Revolution: The Petrograd Workers and the Fall of the Old Régime – II – Chapter Three
    Third (…)

  • History of people's struggles (Europe)
    Graet Britain: Housing and cleaners’ struggles in London in the 1960s-70s

    1973, by HOBBS May

    In two chapters from her autobiographical account Born To Struggle, May describes her struggles against landlords, employees and council and union bureaucrats. As a result of her experiences working as a night cleaner, she set up the rank’n’file group Cleaners Action and led a cleaners’ strike (…)

  • Rosa Luxemburg (obituary)
    Rosa Luxemburg and German Social Democracy

    1971, by MANDEL Ernest

    The real place of Rosa Luxemburg has still to be located precisely in the history of the revolutionary movement. The disintegration of the Stalinist monolith has meant that, while many have acknowledged her merits, they have hastened to add that “she belongs to the pre-1914 epoch”.
    Those (…)

  • Lenin
    Theory and Strategy: The Notion of the Revolutionary Crisis in Lenin

    1968, by BENSAÏD Daniel

    This text was the “Mémoire de maîtrise” for Daniel Bensaïd’s MA in Philosophy under the supervision of Henri Lefebvre in 1968. The original version of this text can be found at Le site de Daniel Bensaïd. It was translated by Patrick King for the online Viewpoint Magazine and reproduced on IVP (…)

  • David Rousset
    Review: David Rousset’s “The Other Kingdom” – The Concentrationary Universe

    July 1947, by HOWE Irving

    The Other Kingdom by David Rousset, Reynal and Hitchcock. $2.75.
    Before the war David Rousset was a French intellectual who adhered to the Trotskyist movement. He weighed 209 pounds. These two statements may involve a rather odd juxtaposition, but in a moment you will see the connection. (…)

  • History of people's struggles (Europe)
    The Spanish Civil War and the possibility of an uprising in the Rif: A first hand testimony on the negotiations between the Moroccan nationalist movement and the Spanish authorities

    1939, by ROUSSET David

    The Spanish civil war included a colonial problem which could have been decisive for the revolution: that of the Rif territories. An uprising in the Rif would have squeezed Franco in a vice by removing his base of operations, thus favouring a victory of the republican forces. Negotiations had (…)

  • Russian Revolution
    Family, Youth and Culture (“The Revolution Betrayed”, Chapter 7)

    1936, by TROTSKY Leon / TROTSKI Léon / TROTSKY Léon

    1. Thermidor in the Family
    The October revolution honestly fulfilled its obligations in relation to woman. The young government not only gave her all political and legal rights in equality with man, but, what is more important, did all that it could, and in any case incomparably more than any (…)

  • Leon Trotsky
    Three aspects of the theory of Permanent Revolution

    1929, by TROTSKY Leon / TROTSKI Léon / TROTSKY Léon

    Taken from the Introduction to the First (Russian) Edition
    Vulgar ‘Marxism’ has worked out a pattern of historical development according to which every bourgeois society sooner or later secures a democratic regime, after which the proletariat, under conditions of democracy, is gradually (…)

  • Leon Trotsky
    Perspectives and Tasks in the East – Speech on the third anniversary of the Communist University for Toilers of the East

    1924, by TROTSKY Leon / TROTSKI Léon / TROTSKY Léon

    I HAVE RECEIVED, COMRADES, from the bureau of your cell, documents outlining your university’s work over three years. At my request the comrades marked out all the most essential points with a red pencil thereby considerably easing my task of becoming familiar with the documents for, and I do (…)

  • Clara Zetkin
    The Struggle Against Fascism

    1923, by ZETKIN Clara

    The following report was given June 20, 1923, to the Third Plenum of the Executive Committee of the Communist International. It is reprinted from Mike Taber and John Riddell, eds., Fighting Fascism: How to Struggle and How to Win (Haymarket Books, 2017).
    -----------
    Fascism confronts the (…)

  • Russian Revolution
    Diplomacy & secrecy: Lenin and Trotsky on Wikileaks (well, sort of)

    1917, by LENIN Vladimir, TROTSKY Leon / TROTSKI Léon / TROTSKY Léon

    A day after the revolution, Bolsheviks declared the abolition of existing secret treaties and promised that all future treaties would be negotiated “openly in full view of the whole people”. The publication of the treaties between the Russian government and the governments of Britain, France and (…)

  • Russian Revolution
    Women’s Day in Russia 1917: A day to prepare for victory – Document: A leaflet issued by Russian socialists 100 years ago

    1917, by Petersburg Interdistrict Committee

    A leaflet issued by Russian socialists 100 years ago to honor Working Women’s Day anticipated the revolution that began that day.
    One hundred years ago, on or about March 6 (February 21, according to the Julian calendar in use in Russia at the time), the Petrograd Mezhrayonka (or (…)

  • 1
  • ...
  • 6620
  • 6640
  • 6660
  • 6680
  • ...
  • 336


  • Newsletters
  • Search by author
  • Search by keyword
  • Websites
  • 35786 english articles
  • 36023 french articles
  • 27249 authors
  • 851 Web sites

1996-2025  — Europe Solidaire Sans Frontières
What about us ? | Site Map | Credits | Log in |  RSS 2.0 | Twitter | Facebook | Contact

SPIP