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Europe Solidaire Sans Frontières

    • Issues
      • Health (Issues)
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Issues)
          • AIDS / HIV (Health)
          • Dengue (epidemics, health)
          • Mpox / Monkeypox (epidemics, health)
          • Poliomyelitis (epidemics, health)
          • Respiratory viral infections (epidemics, health)
          • Tuberculosis (epidemics, health)
        • Health and Climate crisis
        • Tobacco (health)
      • Individuals
        • Franz Fanon
        • Michael Löwy
      • Solidarity
        • Solidarity: ESSF campaigns
          • ESSF financial solidarity – Global balance sheets
          • Funds (ESSF)
          • Global Appeals
          • Bangladesh (ESSF)
          • Burma, Myanmar (ESSF)
          • Indonesia (ESSF)
          • Japan (ESSF)
          • Malaysia (ESSF)
          • Nepal (ESSF)
          • Pakistan (ESSF)
          • Philippines (ESSF)
        • Solidarity: Geo-politics of Humanitarian Relief
        • Solidarity: Humanitarian and development CSOs
        • Solidarity: Humanitarian Disasters
        • Solidarity: Humanitarian response: methodologies and principles
        • Solidarity: Political economy of disaster
      • Capitalism & globalisation
        • History (Capitalism)
      • Civilisation & identities
        • Civilisation & Identities: unity, equality
      • Ecology (Theory)
        • Global Crisis / Polycrisis (ecology)
        • Growth / Degrowth (Ecology)
        • Animals’ Condition (Ecology)
        • Biodiversity (Ecology)
        • Climate (Ecology)
        • Commodity (Ecology)
        • Ecology, technology: Transport
        • Energy (Ecology)
        • Energy (nuclear) (Ecology)
          • Chernobyl (Ecology)
        • Forests (ecology)
        • Technology (Ecology)
        • Water (Ecology)
      • Agriculture
        • GMO & co. (Agriculture)
      • Commons
      • Communication and politics, Media, Social Networks
      • Culture and Politics
        • Sinéad O’Connor
      • Democracy
      • Development
        • Demography (Development)
        • Extractivism (Development)
        • Growth and Degrowth (Development)
      • Education (Theory)
      • Faith, religious authorities, secularism
        • Family, women (Religion, churches, secularism)
          • Religion, churches, secularism: Reproductive rights
        • Abused Children (Religion, churches, secularism)
        • Blasphemy (Faith, religious authorities, secularism)
        • Creationism (Religion, churches, secularism)
        • History (Religion, churches, secularism)
        • LGBT+ (Religion, churches, secularism)
        • Liberation Theology
          • Gustavo Gutiérrez
        • Marxism (Religion, churches, secularism)
        • Political Islam, Islamism (Religion, churches, secularism)
        • Secularism, laïcity
        • The veil (faith, religious authorities, secularism)
        • Vatican
          • Francis / Jorge Mario Bergoglio
      • Fascism, extreme right
      • Gender: Women
      • History
        • History: E. P. Thompson
      • Imperialism (theory)
      • Information Technology (IT)
      • Internationalism (issues)
        • Solidarity: Pandemics, epidemics (health, internationalism)
      • Jewish Question
        • History (Jewish Question)
      • Labor & Social Movements
      • Language
      • Law
        • Exceptional powers (Law)
        • Religious arbitration forums (Law)
        • Rules of war
        • War crimes, genocide (international law)
        • Women, family (Law)
      • LGBT+ (Theory)
      • Marxism & co.
        • Theory (Marxism & co.)
        • Postcolonial Studies / Postcolonialism (Marxism & co.)
        • Identity Politics (Marxism & co.)
        • Intersectionality (Marxism & co.)
        • Marxism and Ecology
        • Africa (Marxism)
        • France (Marxism)
        • Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
      • National Question
      • Oceans (Issues)
      • Parties: Theory and Conceptions
      • Patriarchy, family, feminism
        • Ecofeminism (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
        • Fashion, cosmetic (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
        • Feminism & capitalism (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
        • Language (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
        • Prostitution (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
        • Reproductive Rights (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
        • Violence against women (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
        • Women and Health ( (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
        • Women, work (Patriarchy, family, feminism)
      • Political Strategy
      • Politics: Bibliographies
      • Politics: International Institutions
      • Psychology and politics
      • Racism, xenophobia, differentialism
      • Science and politics
        • Michael Burawoy
      • Sciences & Knowledge
        • Artificial Intelligence
        • Physics (science)
      • Sexuality
      • Social Formation, classes, political regime, ideology
        • Populism (Political regime, ideology)
      • Sport and politics
      • The role of the political
      • Transition: before imperialism
      • Transitional Societies (modern), socialism
      • Wars, conflicts, violences
      • Working Class, Wage labor, income, organizing
    • Movements
      • Analysis & Debates (Movements)
        • Epidemics, pandemics (Movements)
        • History of people’s movements (Movements)
      • Asia (Movements)
        • Globalization (Movements, Asia) (Movements)
        • APISC (Movements, Asia)
        • Asian Social Forum (Movements, Asia)
        • Asian Social Movements (Movements, Asia)
        • Counter-Summits (Movements, Asia)
        • Free Trade (Movements, Asia)
        • IIRE Manila (Movements, Asia)
        • In Asean (Movements, Asia)
        • People’s SAARC / SAAPE (Movements, Asia)
        • Social Protection Campaigns (Movements, Asia)
        • The Milk Tea Alliance
        • Women (Asia, movements)
      • World level (Movements)
        • Feminist Movements
          • Against Fundamentalisms (Feminist Movements)
          • Epidemics / Pandemics (Feminist Movements, health)
          • History of Women’s Movements
          • Rural, peasant (Feminist Movements)
          • World March of Women (Feminist Movements)
        • Anti-fascism Movements (international)
        • Asia-Europe People’s Forums (AEPF) (Movements)
        • Ecosocialist Networks (Movements, World)
        • Indignants (Movements)
        • Intercoll (Movements, World)
        • Internationals (socialist, communist, revolutionary) (Movements, World)
          • International (Fourth) (Movements, World)
            • Ernest Mandel
            • Livio Maitan
            • Women (Fourth International)
            • Youth (Fourth International)
          • International (Second) (1889-1914) (Movements, World)
          • International (Third) (Movements, World)
            • Baku Congress (1920)
            • Communist Cooperatives (Comintern)
            • Krestintern: Comintern’s Peasant International
            • Red Sport International (Sportintern) (Comintern)
            • The Communist Youth International (Comintern)
            • The Red International of Labour Unions (RILU) (Comintern)
            • The ‘International Workers Aid’ (IWA / MRP)
            • Women (Comintern)
        • Internet, Hacktivism (Movements, World)
        • Labor & TUs (Movements, World)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (TUs, international) (Movements, World)
        • Radical Left (Movements, World)
          • IIRE (Movements, World)
          • Movements: Sal Santen (obituary)
          • Radical Parties’ Network (Movements, World)
        • Social Movements Network (Movements, World)
        • World Days of Action (Movements)
        • World Social Forum (Movements)
      • Africa (Movements)
        • Forum of the People (Movements)
      • America (N&S) (Movements)
        • Latin America (Mouvments)
        • US Social Forum (Movements)
      • Europe (Movements)
        • Alter Summit (Movements, Europe)
        • Anti-Austerity/Debt NetworksAlter Summit (Movements, Europe)
        • Anti-G8/G20 in EuropeAlter Summit (Movements)
        • Counter-Summits to the EUAlter Summit (Movements, Europe)
        • Free TradeAlter Summit (Movements, Europe)
        • Movements: European Social Forum
      • Mediterranean (Movements, MEAN)
        • Mediterranean Social Forum (Movements)
        • Political Left (Movements, MEAN)
      • Agriculture & Peasantry (Movements)
        • Women (Movements, Peasantry)
      • Antiwar Struggles (Movements)
        • History of antimilitarism (Movements)
        • Military Bases (Movements)
        • Nuclear Weapon, WMD (Movements)
      • Common Goods & Environment (Movements)
        • Biodiversity (Movements)
        • Climate (Movements)
        • Ecosocialist International Networky (Movements)
        • Nuclear (energy) (Movements)
          • AEPF “No-Nuke” Circle (Movements)
        • Water (Movements)
      • Debt, taxes & Financial Institutions (Movements)
        • IMF (Movements)
        • World Bank (Movements)
      • Health (Movements)
        • Women’s Health (Movements)
        • Asbestos (Movements, health, World)
        • Drugs (Movements, health, World)
        • Epidemics (Movements, health, World)
        • Health & Work (Movements, health, World)
        • Health and social crisis (Movements, health, World)
        • Nuclear (Movements, health, World)
        • Pollution (Movements, health, World)
      • Human Rights & Freedoms (Movements, World)
        • Women’s Rights (Movements, HR)
        • Corporate HR violations (Movements, HR)
        • Disability (Movements, HR)
        • Exceptional Powers (Movements, HR)
        • Justice, law (Movements, HR)
        • Media, Internet (Movements, HR)
        • Non-State Actors (Movements, World)
        • Police, weapons (Movements, HR)
        • Rights of free meeting (Movements, HR)
        • Secret services (Movements, HR)
      • LGBT+ (Movements, World)
      • Parliamentary field (Movements, health, World)
      • Social Rights, Labor (Movements)
        • Reclaim People’s Dignity (Movements)
        • Urban Rights (Movements)
      • TNCs, Trade, WTO (Movements)
        • Cocoa value chain (Movements)
    • World
      • The world today (World)
      • Global Crisis / Polycrisis (World)
      • Global health crises, pandemics (World)
        • Epidemics, pandemics (economic crisis, World)
      • Economy (World)
        • Financial and economic crisis (World)
          • Car industry, transport (World)
        • Technologies (Economy)
      • Extreme right, fascism, fundamentalism (World)
      • History (World)
      • Migrants, refugees (World)
      • Military (World)
      • Terrorism (World)
    • Africa
      • Africa Today
        • ChinAfrica
      • Environment (Africa)
        • Biodiversity (Africa)
      • Religion (Africa)
      • Women (Africa)
      • Economy (Africa)
      • Epidemics, pandemics (Africa)
      • History (Africa)
        • Amilcar Cabral
      • Sahel Region
      • Angola
        • Angola: History
      • Burkina Faso
      • Cameroon
        • Cameroon: LGBT+
      • Capo Verde
      • Central African Republic (CAR)
      • Chad
      • Congo Kinshasa (DRC)
        • Patrice Lumumba
      • Djibouti (Eng)
      • Eritrea
      • Ethiopia
      • Gambia
      • Ghana
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Ghana)
        • Ghana: LGBT+
      • Guinea (Conakry)
      • Ivory Coast
      • Kenya
        • History (Kenya)
        • Kenya: WSF 2007
        • Left forces (Kenya)
        • LGBT+ (Kenya)
        • Women (Kenya)
      • Lesotho
      • Liberia
        • Liberia: LGBT+
      • Madagascar
      • Mali
        • Women (Mali)
        • History (Mali)
      • Mauritania
      • Mauritius
        • Women (Mauritius)
      • Mayotte
      • Mozambique
      • Namibia
      • Niger
        • Niger: Nuclear
      • Nigeria
        • Women (Nigeria)
        • Pandemics, epidemics (health, Nigeria)
      • Réunion
      • Rwanda
        • The genocide of the Tutsi in Rwanda
      • Senegal
        • Women (Senegal)
      • Seychelles
      • Sierra Leone
        • Sierra Leone: LGBT+
      • Somalia
        • Women (Somalia)
      • South Africa
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, South Africa)
        • On the Left (South Africa)
          • David Sanders
          • Mark Thabo Weinberg
          • Nelson Mandela
        • Women (South Africa)
        • Culture (South Africa)
        • Ecology, Environment (South Africa)
        • Economy, social (South Africa)
        • History (Freedom Struggle and first years of ANC government) (South Africa)
          • Steve Biko
        • Institutions, laws (South Africa)
        • Labour, community protests (South Africa)
          • Cosatu (South Africa)
          • SAFTU (South Africa)
        • Land reform and rural issues (South Africa)
        • LGBTQ+ (South Africa)
        • Students (South Africa)
      • South Sudan
        • Ecology (South Sudan)
      • Sudan
        • Women (Sudan)
      • Tanzania
      • Uganda
        • Uganda: LGBT
      • Zambia
      • Zimbabwe
        • Women (Zimbabwe)
    • Americas
      • Ecology (Latin America)
      • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Latin America)
      • History (Latin America)
      • Indigenous People (Latin America)
      • Latin America (Latin America)
      • LGBT+ (Latin America)
      • Migrations (Latin America)
      • Women (Latin America)
      • Amazonia
      • Antilles / West Indies
      • Argentina
        • Diego Maradona
        • Economy (Argentina)
        • History (Argentina)
          • Daniel Pereyra
        • Women (Argentina)
          • Reproductive Rights (Women, Argentina)
      • Bahamas
        • Bahamas: Disasters
      • Bolivia
        • Women (Bolivia)
        • Orlando Gutiérrez
      • Brazil
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Brazil)
        • Women (Brazil)
          • Reproductive Rights (Brazil)
        • Ecology (Brazil)
        • Economy (Brazil)
        • History (Brazil)
        • History of the Left (Brazil)
          • Marielle Franco
        • Indigenous People (Brazil)
        • Justice, freedoms (Brazil)
        • Labor (Brazil)
        • LGBT+ (Brazil)
        • Rural (Brazil)
        • World Cup, Olympics, social resistances (Brazil)
      • Canada & Quebec
        • Women (Canada & Quebec)
        • Ecology (Canada & Quebec)
        • Far Right / Extreme Right (Canada, Quebec)
        • Fundamentalism & secularism (Canada & Quebec)
        • Health (Canada & Québec)
          • Pandemics, epidemics (Health, Canada & Québec)
        • Indigenous People (Canada & Quebec)
        • LGBT+ (Canada & Quebec)
        • On the Left (Canada & Quebec)
          • Biographies (Left, Canada, Quebec)
            • Bernard Rioux
            • Ernest (‘Ernie’) Tate & Jess Mackenzie
            • Leo Panitch
            • Pierre Beaudet
      • Caribbean
      • Chile
        • Women (Chile)
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Chile)
        • History (Chile)
          • Marta Harnecker
          • Pinochet Dictatorship
          • Victor Jara
        • LGBT+ (Chile)
        • Natural Disasters (Chile)
      • Colombia
        • Women (Colombia)
          • Reproductive Rights (Columbia)
        • Pandemics, epidemics (Colombia, Health)
      • Costa Rica
      • Cuba
        • Women, gender (Cuba)
        • Ecology (Cuba)
        • Epidemics / Pandemics (health, Cuba)
        • History (Cuba)
          • Che Guevara
            • Che Guevara (obituary)
          • Cuban Revolution (History)
          • Fidel Castro
        • LGBT+ (Cuba)
      • Ecuador
        • Women (Ecuador)
        • Ecology (Ecuador)
        • Humanitarian Disasters (Ecuador)
      • El Salvador
        • Women (El Salvador)
        • El Salvador: Salvadorian Revolution and Counter-Revolution
      • Grenada
      • Guatemala
        • History (Guatemala)
        • Mining (Guatemala)
        • Women (Guatemala)
      • Guiana (French)
      • Haiti
        • Women (Haiti)
        • Haiti: History
        • Haiti: Natural Disasters
      • Honduras
        • Women (Honduras)
        • Berta Cáceres
        • Honduras: History
        • Honduras: LGBT+
        • Juan López (Honduras)
      • Jamaica
      • Mexico
        • Women (Mexico)
        • Disasters (Mexico)
        • Epidemics / Pandemics (health, Mexico)
        • History of people struggles (Mexico)
          • Rosario Ibarra
        • The Left (Mexico)
          • Adolfo Gilly
      • Nicaragua
        • Women (Nicaragua)
        • History (Nicaragua)
          • Fernando Cardenal
        • Nicaragua: Nicaraguan Revolution
      • Panamá
      • Paraguay
        • Women (Paraguay)
      • Peru
        • Hugo Blanco
      • Puerto Rico
        • Disasters (Puerto Rico)
      • Uruguay
        • Women (Uruguay)
        • History (Uruguay)
        • Labour Movement (Uruguay)
      • USA
        • Women (USA)
          • History (Feminism, USA)
          • Reproductive Rights (Women, USA)
          • Violence (women, USA)
        • Disasters (USA)
        • Far Right, Religious Right (USA)
        • Health (USA)
          • Children (health)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, USA)
        • On the Left (USA)
          • Health (Left, USA)
          • History (Left)
          • Solidarity / Against the Current (USA)
          • The Democratic Socialists of America (DSA)
          • Biographies, History (Left, USA)
            • History: SWP and before (USA)
            • Angela Davis
            • Barbara Dane
            • bell hooks (En)
            • C.L.R. James
            • Dan La Botz
            • Daniel Ellsberg
            • David Graeber
            • Ellen Meiksins Wood
            • Ellen Spence Poteet
            • Erik Olin Wright
            • Frederic Jameson
            • Gabriel Kolko
            • Gus Horowitz
            • Herbert Marcuse
            • Immanuel Wallerstein
            • James Cockcroft
            • John Lewis
            • Kai Nielsen
            • Larry Kramer
            • Malcolm X
            • Marshall Berman
            • Martin Luther King
            • Michael Lebowitz
            • Mike Davis
            • Norma Barzman
            • Richard Wright
        • Secularity, religion & politics
        • Social Struggles, labor (USA)
          • Epidemics / Pandemics (health, Social struggles, USA)
        • Agriculture (USA)
        • Ecology (USA)
        • Economy, social (USA)
        • Education (USA)
        • Energy (USA)
        • Foreign Policy, Military, International Solidarity (USA)
        • History (USA)
          • Henry Kissinger
          • History of people’s struggles (USA)
          • Jimmy Carter
          • Trump, trumpism (USA)
        • Housing (USA)
        • Human Rights, police, justice (USA)
        • Human Rights: Guantanamo (USA)
        • Human Rights: Incarceration (USA)
        • Indian nations and indigenous groups (USA)
        • Institutions, political regime (USA)
        • LGBT+ (USA)
        • Migrant, refugee (USA)
        • Persons / Individuals (USA)
          • Donald Trump (USA)
          • Laura Loomer
        • Racism (USA)
          • Arabes (racism, USA)
          • Asians (racism, USA)
          • Blacks (racism, USA)
          • Jews (racism, USA)
        • Science (USA)
        • Violences (USA)
      • Venezuela
        • Women (Venezuela)
        • Ecology (Venezuela)
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Venezuela)
    • Asia
      • Disasters (Asia)
      • Ecology (Asia)
      • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Asia)
      • History
      • Women (Asia)
      • Asia (Central, ex-USSR)
        • Kazakhstan
          • Women (Kazakhstan)
        • Kyrgyzstan
          • Women (Kyrgyzstan)
        • Tajikistan
        • Uzbekistan
      • Asia (East & North-East)
      • Asia (South, SAARC)
        • Ecology (South Asia)
          • Climate (ecology, South Asia)
        • Economy, debt (South Asia)
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, South Asia)
        • LGBT+ (South Asia)
        • Religious fundamentalism
        • Women (South Asia)
      • Asia (Southeast, ASEAN)
        • Health (South East Asia, ASEAN)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, South East Asia, ASEAN))
      • Asia economy & social
        • Epidemics / Pandemics (health, Asia)
      • Economy & Labour (Asia)
      • On the Left (Asia)
      • Afghanistan
        • Women, patriarchy, sharia (Afghanistan)
        • History, society (Afghanistan)
        • On the Left (Afghanistan)
      • Bangladesh
        • Health (Bangladesh)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Bangladesh)
        • Ecological Disasters, climate (Bangladesh)
        • Fundamentalism & secularism (Bangladesh)
        • The Left (Bangladesh)
        • Women (Bangladesh)
        • Economy (Bangladesh)
        • History (Bangladesh)
        • Human Rights (Bangladesh)
        • Indigenous People (Bangladesh)
        • Labour (Bangladesh)
          • Industrial Disasters (Bangladesh)
        • LGBT+ (Bangladesh)
        • Nuclear (Bangladesh)
        • Rohingya (refugee, Bangladesh)
        • Rural & Fisherfolk (Bangladesh)
      • Bhutan
        • LGT+ (Bhutan)
        • Women (Bhutan)
      • Brunei
        • Women, LGBT+, Sharia, (Brunei)
      • Burma / Myanmar
        • Arakan / Rakine (Burma)
          • Rohingyas (Burma/Myanmar)
        • Buddhism / Sanga
        • CSOs (Burma / Mynamar)
        • Economy (Burma/Myanmar)
        • Health (Burma / Myanmar)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Burma/Myanmar)
        • History (Burma/Myanmar)
          • History of struggles (Burma/Myanmar)
        • Labor (Burma/Myanmar)
        • Migrants (Burma/Myanmar)
        • Natural Disasters (Burma/Myanmar)
        • Women (Burma/Myanmar)
      • Cambodia
        • Women (Cambodia)
        • Epidemics / Pandemics (health, Cambodia)
        • History (Cambodia)
          • The Khmers rouges (Cambodia)
        • Labour / Labor (Cambodia)
        • Rural (Cambodia)
        • Urban (Cambodia)
      • China (PRC)
        • Health (China)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, China)
        • Political situation (China)
        • China Today
        • Global Rise (China)
          • Military expansion (China)
          • Silk Roads/OBOR/BRICS (China)
          • World Economy (China)
          • China & Africa
          • China & Europe
            • China and the Russian War in Ukraine
          • China & Japan
          • China & Latin America
          • China & MENA
          • China & North America
          • China & Russia
          • China & South Asia
          • China § Asia-Pacific
          • China, ASEAN & the South China Sea
          • China, Korea, & North-East Asia
        • On the Left (China)
        • Women (China)
        • China § Xinjiang/East Turkestan
        • Civil Society (China)
        • Demography (China)
        • Ecology and environment (China)
        • Economy, technology (China)
        • History (China)
          • History pre-XXth Century (China)
          • History XXth Century (China)
            • Beijing Summer Olympic Games 2008
            • Chinese Trotskyists
              • Wang Fanxi / Wang Fan-hsi
              • Zheng Chaolin
            • Foreign Policy (history, China)
            • Transition to capitalism (history , China)
        • Human Rights, freedoms (China)
        • Labour and social struggles (China)
        • LGBT+ (China)
        • Religion & Churches (China)
        • Rural, agriculture (China)
        • Social Control, social credit (China)
        • Social Protection (China)
        • Sport and politics (China)
          • Beijing Olympic Games
      • China: Hong Kong SAR
        • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Hong Kong)
        • History (Hong Kong)
        • LGBT+ (Hong Kong)
        • Migrants (Hong Kong)
      • China: Macao SAR
      • East Timor
        • East Timor: News Updates
      • India
        • Political situation (India)
        • Caste, Dalits & Adivasis (India)
          • Adivasi, Tribes (India)
          • Dalits & Other Backward Castes (OBC) (India)
        • Fundamentalism, communalism, extreme right, secularism (India)
        • Health (India)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, India)
        • North-East (India)
        • The Left (India)
          • MN Roy
          • Stan Swamy (India)
          • The Left: ML Updates (DISCONTINUED) (India)
          • Trupti Shah (obituary) (India)
        • Women (India)
        • Antiwar & nuclear (India)
        • Digital Rights (India)
        • Ecology & Industrial Disasters (India)
        • Economy & Globalisation (India)
        • Energy, nuclear (India)
        • History (up to 1947) (India)
          • Baghat Singh (India)
          • Gandhi
        • History after 1947 (India)
        • Human Rights & Freedoms (India)
        • International Relations (India)
        • Labor, wage earners, TUs (India)
        • LGBT+ (India)
        • Military (India)
        • Narmada (India)
        • Natural Disaster (India)
        • Refugees (India)
        • Regional Politics (South Asia) (India)
        • Rural & fisherfolk (India)
        • Social Forums (India)
        • Social Protection (India)
        • Urban (India)
      • Indonesia & West Papua
        • Epidemics / Pandemics (health, Indonesia)
        • Papua (Indonesia)
          • Pandemics, epidemics (health, West Papua)
        • The Left (Indonesia)
        • Women (Indonesia)
        • Common Goods (Indonesia)
        • Ecology (Indonesia)
        • Economy (Indonesia)
        • Fundamentalism, sharia, religion (Indonesia)
        • History before 1965 (Indonesia)
        • History from 1945 (Indonesia)
          • Tan Malaka
        • History: 1965 and after (Indonesia)
        • Human Rights (Indonesia)
          • MUNIR Said Thalib (Indonesia)
        • Indigenous People (Indonesia)
        • Indonesia / East Timor News Digests DISCONTINUED
          • Indonesia Roundup DISCONTINUED
        • Labor, urban poor (Indonesia)
          • History (labour, Indonesia)
        • LGBT+ (Indonesia)
        • Natural Disaster (Indonesia)
        • Rural & fisherfolk (Indonesia)
        • Student, youth (Indonesia)
      • Japan
        • Political situation (Japan)
        • Health (Japan)
          • Epidemics, pandemics (health, Japan)
        • Okinawa (Japan)
        • Women (Japan)
        • Anti-war movement (Japan)
        • Culture, society (Japan)
        • Disasters (Japan)
        • Ecology (Japan)
        • Economy (Japan)
        • Energy, nuclear (Japan)
          • History (nuclear, Japan)
        • Extreme right, fascism (Japan)
        • History (Japan)
          • History of people’s struggles (Japan)
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  • The avifauna of the Parc des Beaumonts : list of species identified

The avifauna of the Parc des Beaumonts : list of species identified

All the versions of this article: [English] [français]

Monday 31 December 2012, by ROUSSET Pierre, THORNS David

  
  • ROUSSET Pierre (Eng)

THE FRENCH VERSION OF THIS LIST IS BEING UPDATED, REORGANISED AND EXPANDED WITH VARIOUS ENTRIES. WHEN DONE, THE ENGLISH VERSION WILL BE TOO.

The key to the various columns, along with an explanation of the abbreviations used, may be found at the end of the list.
Several modifications to the list were made on March 28th 2007. These concern principally data relating to breeding species along with various new explanatory notes. Several new species for the park have been added since then. The list is under constant revision and is here to be added to !

Last update: November 15, 2012 (addition of Little Egret, after Goosander). Attention: latin names have to be updated and status should also be reviewed, but it has not yet been possible.

  Contents  
  • Birdlist : species
  • Explanation of the Birdlist

 Birdlist : species

English name Latin name I II III
Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus M V R
Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo M V P
Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax M V R
Little Egret Egretta garzetta M V R
Great Egret Casmerodius albus M V R
Grey Heron Ardea cinerea M S Ne I
Purple Heron Ardea purpurea M V R
White Stork Ciconia ciconia M V R
Black Stork Ciconia negra M V R
Greylag Goose Anser anser M V P
Canada Goose Branta canadensis F V P
Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea F . P
Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus F V R
Eurasian Teal Anas crecca H V R
Mallard Anas platyrhynchos M S . I
Pintail Anas acuta H V R
Garganey Anas querquedula M V R
Shoveler Anas clypeata M V R
Mandarin Duck Aix gareliculata F . O
Goosander Mergus merganser M V R
Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus M . P
Black Kite Milvus migrans M V R
Red Kite Milvus milvus M V R
Short-toed Eagle Circaetus gallicus M V R
Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus M . P
Hen Harrier Circus cyaenus M V R
Montagu’s Harrier Circus pygargus M V R
Common Buzzard Buteo buteo M . P
Goshawk Accipiter gentilis M V R
Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus S H M N C
Osprey Pandion haliaetus M V R
Kestrel Falco tinnunculus M S Ne C
Red-footed Falcon Falco vespertinus M . R
Merlin Falco columbarius M . R
Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus M . R
Hobby Falco subbuteo M . R
Red-legged Partridge Alectoris rufa C . R
Quail Coturnix coturnix M . R
Pheasant Phasianus colchidus F . O
Water Rail Rallus aquatus M . R
Moorhen Gallinula choropus S N C
Crane Grus grus M V R
Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius M . R
Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula M V R
Dotterel Charadius morinellus M V R
Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria M V R
Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola M V R
Lapwing Vanellus vanellus M V R
Dunlin Calidris alpina M V R
Snipe Gallinago gallinago M . R
Woodcock Scolopax rusticola M . P
Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa M V R
Curlew Numenius arquata M V R
Common Redshank Tringa totanus M V R
Greenshank Tringa nebularia M . R
Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus M . R
Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos M . R
Mediterranean Gull Larus melanocephalus M E V R
Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus M H S . C
Common Gull Larus canus M H V P
Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus M H V P
Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus M H V R
Herring Gull Larus argentatus M H . C
Yellow-legged Gull Larus michaghellis M E V P
Common Tern Sterna hirundo M E V R
Rock Dove (Feral Pigeon) Columba livia S Ne A
Stock Dove Columba oenas M S . P
Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus M S N A
Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto S Ne C
Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur M . R
Budgerigar Melopsittacus undulatus C . O
Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri F . R
Monk Parakeet Myiopsitta monachus C . O
Cockatiel Nymphicus hollandicus C . O
Grey Parrot Psittacus erithacus C . O
Rosy-faced Lovebird Agapornis roseicollis C . O
Eastern Rosella Platycercus eximius C . O
Cuckoo Cuculus canorus M . R
Barn Ow *l Tyto alba . . R
Little Owl Athene noctua D . .
Tawny Owl * Strix aluco S (1) I
Short-eared Owl Asia flameus M . R
Long-eared Owl Asia otus M H . R
Swift Apus apus M E NE A
Kingfisher Alcedo atthis M H . I P
Bee-eater Merops apiaster M V R
Hoopoe Upupa epos M . R
Wryneck Jynx torquilla M . R
Black Woodpecker * Dryocopus martius S (2) R
Green Woodpecker Picus viridis S N C
Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major S N C
Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos medius H . R
Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos minor S . C
Crested Lark Galerida cristata M N R
Wood Lark Lullula arborea M . P
Sky Lark Alauda arvensis M Nx C
Sand Martin Riparia riparia M . R
Swallow Hirundo rustica M E Ne C
Red-rumped Swallow * Hirundo daurica M . R
House Martin * Delichon urbicum M E Nex A
Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris M . R
Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis M . P
Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis M H Nx C
Water Pipit Anthus spinoletta M . R
Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava M . P
Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea M . P
White Wagtail Motacilla alba M . C
Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus M . R
Wren Troglodytes troglodytes S N A
Dunnock Prunella modularis S N A
Robin Erithacus rubecula S N A
Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos M E Ni P
Bluethroat Luscinia svecica M . R
Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros M E Ne A
Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus M E Ni P
Whinchat Saxicola rubetra M . P
Stonechat Saxicola torquata M EI Ni C
Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe M . P
Ring Ouzel Turdus torquatus M . P
Blackbird Turdus merula S N A
Fieldfare Turdus pilaris M H . P I
Song Thrush Turdus philomelos M S H N A
Redwing Turdus iliacus M HI . C
Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus M S N C
Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis M . R
Grasshopper Warbler Locustella naevia M . R
Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus M . R
Marsh Warbler Acrocephalus palustris M Ni? R
Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirparceus M E NP P
Melodious Warbler Hippolais polyglotta M E NP C
Dartford Warbler Sylvia undata H . R
Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca M E NR P
Whitethroat Sylvia communis M E NP C
Garden Warbler Sylvia borin M E NP C
Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla M E HR N A
Bonelli’s Warbler Phylloscopus bonelli M . R
Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix M . R
Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita M E HR . A
Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus M E NP C
Goldcrest Regulus regulus M Ni C
Firecrest Regulus ignicapillus M Ni C
Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata M E NR? P
Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca M . C
Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus H S N C
Marsh Tit Poecile palustris S Ni? P
Crested Tit Lophophanes cristatus H . R
Coal Tit Periparus ater H . R
Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus S N A
Great Tit Parus major S N A
Nuthatch * Sitta europaea S Ni? P
Short-toed Treecreeper Certhia brachydactyla S N C
Penduline Tit Remiz pendulinus M . R
Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus M . R
Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus C . O
Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio M . R
Jay Garrulus glandariuso M S N C
Magpie Pica pica S N A
Jackdaw Corvus monedula M S . P
Rook Corvus frugilegus M . P
Carrion Crow Corvus corone S N A
Red-billed Quelea Quelea quelea C . O
Starling Sturnus vulgaris M S N A
Common Myna Acridotheres tristis C . 0
Purple Glossy-starling Lamprotornis purpureus C . O
Queen Whydah Vidua regia C . O
Zebra Finch Taeniopygia (Poephila) guttata C . O
Orange-cheeked Waxbill Estrilda melpoda C . O
Black-rumped Waxbill Estrilda troglodytes C . O
Red Munia Amandava amandava C . O
House Sparrow Passer domesticus S N C
Tree Sparrow * Passer montanus S HI N (5) P
Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs M S N A
Brambling Fringilla montifringilla M HI . P
Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes M HI . P
Serin Serinus serinus M E HI N C
Common Canary Serinus canaria C . O
Yellow-fronted Canary Serinus mozambicus C . O
Greenfinch Carduelis chloris S N A
Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis M S N C
Siskin Carduelis spinus M HI . C
Linnet Carduelis cannabina M E NI C
Common Redpoll Carduelis flammea M . R
Crossbill Loxia curvorostra M . R
Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula M EP H Ni C
Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella M H . R
Cirl Bunting Emberiza cirlus S HI N C
Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana M . R
Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus M HI . C
Corn Bunting Miliaria calandra M . R

Sub-species

English name Latin name Status (Beamonts) Season
Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava — —
Blue-headed Wagtail M. f. flava Regular Migration
Grey-headed Wagtail M. f. thunbergi Rare Migration
Yellow Wagtail M. f. flavissima Rare Migration
White Wagtail Motacilla alba — —
White Wagtail Motacilla alba alba Regular Migration
Pied Wagtail Motacilla alba yarrellii Rare Migration
Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita — —
Chiffchaff P. c. collybita Abundant M, E, Hiv. rare
“Siberian” Chiffchaff * P. c. fulvescens/tristis Rare Migration
Common Redpoll Carduelis flammea — —
Lesser Redpoll C. flammea cabaret Regular Migration
(Common) Redpoll C. flammea flammea Rare Migration

The figures :

Total recorded : 190

Extinct species : 1

Total excluding extinct species : 189

Of which are single fly-over observations : 38

Breeding species : 31 - 41 species (+ 6 species breeding in the immediate vicinity )

Rare sub-species : 5

Notes and precisions :

Barn Owl: it was considered extinct, but has been found again perched in the Savana in October 2008.

Tawny Owl: a regular breeding species in the nearby Bois de Vincennes and in other areas of Montreuil. It has become very irregular at Beaumonts.

Black Woodpecker: breeds in the Bois de Vincennes but is very infrequently observed at Beaumonts.

Red-rumped Swallow: Seen April 25th, 2008. It seems to be the first record for Ile-de-France!

House Martin: sadly no longer breeds in the immediate surroundings of the park, ever since the destruction of old buildings nearby which were a traditional nesting site for the species.

Nuthatch: has apparently undergone a marked decline in recent years – infrequently observed inside the park.

Tree Sparrow: one or two pairs would appear to breed regularly in the area, either inside the park ( this has been confirmed in previous years ) , or in the immediate surrounding areas near the cemetary.

“Siberian” Chifchaff: P. c. fluvescens or tristis? — the identification of this bird, found in the park on 17th February 2007, is currently under debate. Like many of the other sub-species mentioned it concerns a species which has national as well as local significance. The identification to sub-species level is complicated by the apparent intergrades (fulvescens) between the Scandinavian sub-species (abietinus) and the far-eastern ( ‘Siberian’ ) sub-species (tristis).


 Explanation of the Birdlist

This list comprises all the bird species positively identified in the Parc des Beaumonts, as far as is known to the author. It also gives, in abbreviated and very simplified form, a key to the status of each species. Several status classifications might apply to the same species – population movements within a single species means that some can be resident, migrants and winter visitors all at once! More thorough explantions of species status may be found in the annual reports and in other articles and documents that will be progressively posted on the website.

The English name of the species is given first, followed by the Latin name. The status of the species is then indicated in the three columns that follow. A species status may be subject to change, depending on observation data made by, or given to, the author.

Resident or summer visitors generally breed within the park. Certain species, however, such as black redstart or collared dove, breed in the immediate surroundings whilst others, such as grey heron, nest a little further afield. A list of identifiable sub-species seen within the park is also provided.

I have attempted to adapt the terms used in the key to accomodate the special circumstances of a site such as the Parc des Beaumonts ;– any comments as to the chosen terms, or about the status of any species indicated, are welcome.

The letters used in the columns were chosen for the words they refer to in French. For convenience we have left them unchanged for the English version of the list, even though this makes their meaning rather less obvious! .

All columns

I: Irregular.

P: In small numbers.

R: Rare.

?: Not confirmed.

Column I - status

C : « Captivity » :- birds escaped from captive conditions ( records particularly marked at the beginning of holiday periods ).

D : « ‘Disappeared’ or ‘Extinct’ » :- recent disappearance from the park ( still present during the years 1970-1980).

E : « Summer Visitor » :- migratory species recorded in spring and summer, whether breeding within the park ( the vast majority ) or not.

F : « Feral » :- this term denotes a species which has been released, or has escaped, from captivity but which has since bred successfully in the wild and managed to form populations which are capable of maintaining themselves without any artificial man-made assistance. It is used here in a very general sense. It designates an ‘exotic’ species which breeds, or is capable of breeding, in the wild. Any individual observed might therefore have come from captivity, or might have been born and reared in the wild.

H : « Winter visitor » :- migratory species recorded in autumn and winter.

M : « Migrant » :- recorded on migration in spring and autumn, or otherwise during abnormal movements of the species. The terms ‘spring’ and ‘autumn’ in this context are used a little more loosely than in current
useage - ‘spring’ for certain species may commence as early as mid-February, whereas ‘autumn’ can commence as early as July.

S : « Resident » :- species present throught the year ( the local breeding population can be partly replaced/ increased by the presence of newly arrived migrants and/or winter visitors.

Column II - Supplementary status information

V : species which have only ever been observed flying over the park, and which show no particular affinity towards the site. These species are not to be confused with other species habitually noted only in flight, such as the hobby, which hunt for prey over and around the park.

N : breeds at the site.

Ne : nests in the immediate surroundings.

Ni: irregular or rare breeding.

Nx : nested during the 1990s, but no longer a breeding species. Unless climate and/or habitat conditions change, this situation is unlikely to change.

Column III - Abundancy

This column evaluates the relative abundancy of each species within the park.

A : « Abundant » :- almost certainly recorded in small or large numbers on every visit.

C : « Common » :- not numerous in the park, but nevertheless recorded on almost every visit, ( eg : kestrel ).

I : « Irregular » :- seen infrequently within the park considering its overall status, ( eg : fieldfare ).

O : « Occasional » :- this term is used specifically with reference to escaped cage-birds – they are by definition ‘rare’ , but their unusual occurance is not a result of natural migratory movements within the species.

P : « Uncommon » :- species usually recorded less than 10 times each year, and in very small numbers ( eg : woodlark ).

R : « Rare » :- a species not seen with any regularity, and only recorded between 1-5 times every 10 years ( eg : red-footed falcon ).

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Also in this section

  • Beaumont’s Birds: Annual Report 2014
  • Beaumont’s Birds: Annual Report 2013
  • Beaumont’s Birds: Annual Report 2012
  • Beaumont’s Birds: Annual Report 2011
  • Beaumont’s Birds: Annual Report 2010
  • Beaumont’s Birds: Annual Report 2009
  • Beaumonts’ Birds — Annual Report 2008
  • The avifauna of the Parc des Beaumonts : list of species identified

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